Topic 1 Flashcards
Form criticism
Studying the form of the gospels looking at identifiable chunks of text (pericope ) criticising the evangelists as cut and paste authors
Source criticism
Examining the source the evangelists used
Redaction criticism
Examining the evangelists editing according to sitz im leben and own evangelical agendas priorities and characteristics
What are the main names used in the gospels
Mark. Messiah
Luke. Son of man
Matthew. Son of David
Who ere the gospels aimed at
Mark = persecuted
Luke- Gentiles
Matthew- believers from Jewish faith
Why write the gospels
> threat of heresy > delay of second coming > loss of eyewitness > early church days > discipleship > death and reserection >identify jesus
What are the versions of the bible
Old Latin version Armenian Coptic Ethiopic Vulgate English version
Difficulties in translation
Word games Translation Idioms Structure Transliteration Establishing a text
Synoptic problem
Length Agreement in sequence Grammar and style Harder wording Doublets Q
Literary relationships
Agreement in pericope Order of pericope Same parenthetical info Luke refers to other narratives All 3 quote a OT which disagrees with Septuagint
15 marks
One response Alternatively Having said this Despite this On the other hand However
Reimarus
J was a failure. The disciples made it up to promote own religion, stole body and claimed he was alive
Wrede
Jesus was a fake as people didn’t accept him at the time
Bock
Oral tradition= when something is at stake they are more likely to remember and the aim is to accurately remember not change
W. Farmer
Synoptic problem
Lessing
One common source that all used that has now been lost
Greisbach
Matthew was first as he was a apostle so wouldn’t have used an non-apostolic source
B.h. Streeter
Four source theory
Bultmann
Historical Jesus did not see himself as messiah
Ideas on 2nd Coming
Mark- immanent
Matthew- Be in constant state of readiness
Luke- distant future
Matthews gospel
> emphasis Jesus as fulfillment of prophecy
Jesus is decendant of Abraham
work of Early Church
only gospel to say church ‘ekklesia’
Mark’s Gospel
> earliest?
shortest -16 chapters
no birth (or reserrection) narritives
messianic secret
Luke’s Gospel
> should be read alongside Acts
apologia- convincing Romans Jesus wasn’t a threat
fulfillment of promises
wider plan for history
what is the Kerygma and where might it have come from
oral gospel
> preachings, hymns and folk tales
Why is the Kerygma believed to be accurate
> Jesus percieved to be proclaiming Gods word so required careful re-telling
Jesus made it poetic and rememberable
rote memorisation common
why would believers change it?
What is the Septugint
Major Greek translation of Old Testament
Coptic Version
> 3rd and 4th Century
> non-greek speaking Eygpt
Armenian Version
> expression of nationalistic movement that brought about separation in Church in C3
Old Latin Version
> N. Africa and S. Gaul in 2nd Century
Rome 3rd Century
only little remains as deemed vulgar and of colloquial nature
Vulgate
> St Jerome
received with suspicion, casted doubt on septugint
used as main script until reformation
Ethiopic Version
> based on Greek versions after Ethiopia turned Catholic in 4th+5th Century
agree with greek against Septugint
English Version
> 1st completed in 13th Century- contraversial
1408 Synod of Clergy banned its use
Wycliff Bible gained popularity
1523 Tyndale bagan translating NT - model of bible for 400 years
