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Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Discovered the hook & eye theory in cells

A

Robert hooke

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2
Q

Named cells as building block of life

A

Robert hooke

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3
Q

Robert hooke observed the _ and its microscopic structure

A

Cork tree

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4
Q

A dutch microscopist that has important contributions to bacteriology & protozoology

A

Anton van leeuwenhoek

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5
Q

First person to observe bacteria and protozoa

A

Anton van leeuwenhoek

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6
Q

Discovered blood cells & microscopic nematodes & structure of wood & crystals

A

Anton van leeuwenhoek

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7
Q

First to see living sperm cells of animals

A

Anton van leeuwenhoek

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8
Q

He described the cells in detail and the first to determine their size accurately

A

Anton an leeuwenheok

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9
Q

German botanist; key contributor to the cell theory

A

Matthias Jakob schleiden

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10
Q

The foundational concept in biology

A

Cell theory

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11
Q

3 people that helped establish that cells are basic unit of life

A

Matthias Jakob schleiden
Theodor Schwann
Rudolf Virchow

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12
Q

He determined that plants & animals were made of cells

A

Theodor Schwann

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13
Q

Discovered DNA double helix (2) and year

A

Francis crick & James d. Watson (1953)

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14
Q

Describes the flow of genetic info in cells & year

A

Central dogma of molecular biology (1958)

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15
Q

Flow of genetic formation in cells

A

DNA -> RNA -> protein

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16
Q

Consists of 2 strands coiled around each other; a genetic material

A

DNA

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17
Q

Characteristics of prokaryotes

A

Lacks - nucleus & cytoskeleton
Possess- external membrane
Ex. Bacteria & Archaea

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18
Q

Characteristics of eukaryotes

A

Possess-: nucleus, external & internal membrane, cytoskeleton
Ex. Animal & human cell

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19
Q

A part of cell that has gelatinous solution and a gas station of cell

A

cytoplasm

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20
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain

A

Cell organelles

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21
Q

It contains the DNA

A

Nucleus

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22
Q

Control center of cell

A

Nucleus

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23
Q

Responsible for RNA & DNA replication & transcription

A

Nucleus

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24
Q

Protein factory/synthesis of cell (can be free or bound)

A

Ribosomes

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25
System of membrane lined channels allowing nucleus to connect with cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum
26
3 regions of endoplasmic reticulum
Rough ER Smooth er Transitional region (delivery guy)
27
Responsible for modification of proteins
Golgi apparatus
28
Essential organelle in eukaryotic cells; modifies & packs proteins & lipids synthesized in ER
Golgi apparatus
29
Central role in cells' secretory system; crucial for maintaining cellular org.
Golgi apparatus
30
Power house of the cell ; digests macromolecules
Mitochondria
31
Digestive organelle; pea-like sacs that breaks down/digests & recycles cell debris
Lysosomes
32
Meaning of lysis
Loosen or dissolve
33
Contains biologic info of organism
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
34
How many pair of chromosomes contains in somatic cells
23
35
Transports info & enzymatic functions
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
36
Carries info to ribosomes
mRNA
37
Atomic composition
Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus Sulfur Trace elements
38
Molecular composition
Water Protein Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic acid etc.
39
Most abundant constituent of body; provide shape & form; maintains body temp
water
40
Production of large molecules to small
Anabolism
41
Breaking down to smaller units
Catabolism
42
Linear sequence of amino acids connected by peptide bonds
Proteins
43
How many amino acids used in protein synthesis
22
44
Percentage of elements in proteins
Carbon 50% oxygen 20% nitrogen 17% hydrogen 7% Trace elements 6%
45
Functions of proteins
Enzymes - biochemical reaction Hormones- regulatory control body functions Antibodies- defense mechanism
46
Lipids are composed of _ atoms
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
47
Structural component of cell membrane; thermal insulator that stores energy
Lipids
48
Structural component of cell membrane; thermal insulator that stores energy
Lipids
49
Lipids are composed of 2 smaller molecules
Glycerol Fatty acid
50
Functions of lipids
Versatility- creates complex & diverse molecules Energy source- cho atoms arranged in molecules like glucose Structural role- cho molecules provide strength & support in plants & animal cells Metabolic intermediate- cho atoms involved in metabolic pathways
51
Other name for carbohydrates
Saccharides
52
What are the Polysaccharides
Starches Glycerin
53
3 types of Saccharides
Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides
54
Its function is to provide shape & stability; consists of water molecules
Carbohydrates
55
It provides fuel for cell metabolism
Carbohydrates
56
Simplest form of carbohydrates that consists of a single sugar molecule
Monosaccharides
57
Plays a critical role in energy metabolism & a precursor for other biological molecules
Monosaccharides
58
Examples of Monosaccharides
Glucose Fructose Galactose Ribose Deoxyribose
59
Formed through condensation reaction
Disaccharides
60
The bond in disaccharides can be broken through _
Hydrolysis
61
Adds water to spit the disaccharides back into the monosaccharides
Hydrolysis
62
2 principal nucleic acids and their location
Deoxyribonucleic acid - nucleus Ribonucleic acid - cytoplasm
63
2 types of RNA
mRNA Trna
64
Sugar phosphate combination
Nucleotides
65
Very large macromolecules; consist of deoxyribose phosphate backbone
Nucleic acid
66
The following nucleobase attached to each deoxyribose
Adenine Duanine Thymine Cytosine
67
Crucial for maintaining the cells internal environment synthesizing protein & lipids
Endoplasmic reticulum
68
Produces & processes protein for the cell
Rough ER
69
Process in which a cell consumes its own damage
Autophagy
70
Programmed cell death
Apoptosis

RADBIO (5 decks)

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