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TOPIC 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Science that is concerned with animal life

A

Zoology

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2
Q

Study of the Classification of animals

A

Taxonomy

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3
Q

study of the relationship of animals with their environment

A

Ecology

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4
Q

study of the distribution of animals on earth

A

Zoogeography

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5
Q

study of how the existing kinds of animals came into being

A

Animal Evolution

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6
Q

stresses the structural aspects of the animal

A

Morphology

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7
Q

study of animal structure as revealed by gross dissection.

A

Anatomy

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8
Q

study of various animal types from the lowest to the highest form, with the aim of establishing homologies and the origin and modification of body structures

A

Comparative Anatomy

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9
Q

study of tissues as revealed by the microscope

A

Histology

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10
Q

study of the minute parts and functions of cells

A

Cytology

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11
Q

study of the formation and early development of the organism

A

Embryology

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12
Q

study of past life as revealed by fossils

A

Paleontology

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13
Q

includes subdivisions that are concerned with experimental alterations of the patterns of organisms

A

Experimental Zoology

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14
Q

study of heredity

A

Genetics

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15
Q

study of animal structure

A

Experimental Morphology

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16
Q

study of growth and development of the animal from fertilization up to birth or hatching

A

Embryology

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17
Q

study of the ultimate or ultramicroscopic structure and function of
living matter.

A

Molecular Biology

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18
Q

study of the chemical make-up of living tissues

A

Biochemistry

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19
Q

study of the chemistry of genes

A

Genetics

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20
Q

study of the chemical make-up of large
molecules that make up living matter

A

Chemistry of Macromolecules

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21
Q

study of insects

A

Entomology

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22
Q

study of worms with specific reference to parasitic forms

A

Helminthology

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23
Q

study of reptiles

A

Herpetology

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24
Q

study of birds.

A

Ornithology

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25
Q

study of parasitic organisms.

A

Parasitology

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26
Q

study of fishes

A

Ichthyology

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27
Q

study of mammals

A

Mammalogy

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28
Q

Living organisms were formed on our planet by some supernatural power called God or Creator, so it believed in divine creation of life.

A

THEORY OF SPECIAL CREATIONS/RELIGIOUS EXPLANATIONS

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29
Q

It states that life originated abiogenetically from non-living decaying and rotting matter like straw,
mud, etc., by spontaneous generation about 3.5 billion years ago

A

ABIOGENESIS OR THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS CREATION OR AUTOBIOGENESIS

30
Q

abiogenesis was experimentally rejected by

A

Francisco Redi

31
Q

proposed that worms, insects, fish, frogs and even mice developed from soil and filth; tapeworms from excreta of animals; crabs and salamanders from earth and slime.

32
Q

showed that minute organisms like protists and bacteria arise from pre-existing organisms of the same kind

A

Louis Pasteur

33
Q

It states life arises from pre-existing life only

A

BIOGENESIS

34
Q

The idea of spontaneous generation came to an end with his experiment of. He founded the theory of biogenesis.

A

Francisco Redi

35
Q

It states that life came on the earth from some other planet in the form of seed or spore called panspermia, so is also called spore theory

A

OSMOZOIC OR EXTRATERRESTRIAL OR INTERPLANETARY OR PANSPERMIATIC
THEORY

36
Q

OSMOZOIC OR EXTRATERRESTRIAL OR INTERPLANETARY OR PANSPERMIATIC
THEORY It was proposed by ____ and was supported by _____

A

Richter & Arrhenius

37
Q

also known as “chemical theory” or theory of primary abiogenesis

A

MODERN THEORY

38
Q

The idea of chemical theory was put forward by two scientists

A

A.I. Oparin and
J.B.S Haldane

39
Q

This is the extension of the theory of special creation. This theory assumes that life has originated by the creation and it is followed by catastrophe due to
geographical disturbances

A

THEORY OF CATASTROPHISM

40
Q

capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy in food

A

(photosynthesis)

41
Q

use chemical energy in molecules they take in as food

A

cellular respiration

42
Q

the collective name given to essential chemical processes that go on in living cells and organisms

A

Metabolism

43
Q

Organisms are highly organized, coordinated structures that consist of one or more cells

44
Q

Living things respond to stimuli from their environment

A

Irritability or Sensitivity

45
Q

tiny bacteria can move toward or away from chemicals

A

chemotaxis

46
Q

tiny bacteria can move toward or away from or light

A

phototaxis

47
Q

Living things reproduce themselves, using a molecular blueprint called
DNA

A

Reproduction

48
Q

Organisms grow and develop following specific instructions coded for by their genes

A

Growth and Development

49
Q

Living things, taken as a whole, have the capacity to evolve

50
Q

The most important force in evolution, it is the process by which organisms with traits that help them cope with the rigors of their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than others that
lack these features

A

natural selection

51
Q

In order to function properly, cells need to have appropriate conditions such as proper temperature, pH, and appropriate concentration of diverse chemicals

A

Homeostasis

52
Q

the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter

53
Q

is a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by one or more chemical bonds

54
Q

is a large molecule that is made by combining smaller units called monomers, which are simpler than macromolecules

55
Q

An example of a macromolecule, which contains the instructions for the structure and functioning of all living organisms

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

56
Q

Some cells contain aggregates of macromolecules surrounded by membranes; these are small structures that exist within cells

A

Organelles

57
Q

produce energy to power the cell

A

mitochondria

58
Q

enable green plants to utilize the energy in sunlight to make sugars

A

chloroplasts

59
Q

the smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living organisms

60
Q

are single-celled or colonial organisms that do not have membrane-bound nuclei or organelles

A

Prokaryotes

61
Q

do have membrane-bound organelles and a membrane-bound nucleus.

A

eukaryotes

62
Q

In larger organisms, cells combine to make _____, which are groups of similar cells carrying out similar or related functions.

63
Q

are collections of tissues grouped together performing a common function

64
Q

higher level of organization that consists of functionally related organs

A

organ system

65
Q

are individual living entities

66
Q

Single-celled prokaryotes and single-celled eukaryotes are also considered organisms and are typically
referred to as ______.

A

microorganisms

67
Q

All the individuals of a species living within a specific area

A

population

68
Q

is the sum of populations inhabiting a
particular area

69
Q

consists of all the living things in a particular area together with the abiotic, non-living parts of that environment
such as nitrogen in the soil or rain water

70
Q

highest level of organization, the collection of all ecosystems, and represents the zones of life on earth.

ZOOLOGY (6 decks)

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