Topic 1

Question 1

Prion

Answer 1

infectious agent that transmits characteristics via protein

Question 2

Griffith

Answer 2

Transformation Experiment (1928)
- heat-treated virulent S strain transforms non-virulent R strain cells into virulent S strains

Question 3

Avery, MacLeod, McCarty

Answer 3

Separate subcellular components and test what affects transformation
- DNase removes DNA = no transformation
- DNA is the genetic material

Question 4

Hershey and Chase

Answer 4

T4 bacteriophage radioactive labelling.
S -> protein, P-> DNA
- P found within the cell after virus infects, DNA is the genetic instruction

Question 5

Nucleotide

Answer 5

phosphate + sugar + nitrogenous base

Question 6

Nucleocide

Answer 6

sugar + base (no phosphate)

Question 7

phosphodiester bonds

Answer 7

link nucleotides together into the linear polymer of a DNA strand
- between phosphate and 3’ oxygen of the adjacent nucleotide

Question 8

Chargaff’s Rules

Answer 8

1. purines = pyrimidines
2. A = T, G = C
3. Each species has a specific ratio of A+T/C+G (E. coli = ~1:1)
4. Hydrogen bonds link nitrogenous bases paired across DNA backbone (A/T = 2, G/C = 3)

Question 9

Franklin and Wilkins

Answer 9

X-ray data (early 1950s), X-ray diffraction to show that DNA is long, thin, helical, repeating units, double-stranded, and uniform width

Question 10

Watson and Crick

Answer 10

DNA model built (1953)
- used Chargaff’s rules, Franklin/Wilkins data
- anti-parallel strands, major/minor groove, sugar-phosphate backbone, double-helix structure, exact dimensions, nitrogenous base ladder rings

Question 11

Angstroms per helix turn

Answer 11

34

Question 12

Angstroms per nitrogenous base

Answer 12

3.4

Question 13

DNA radius

Answer 13

10 angstroms

Question 14

Nitrogenous bases per full helix turn

Answer 14

10

Question 15

1’ carbon attached to

Answer 15

nitrogenous base

Question 16

2’ carbon attached to

Answer 16

“deoxy” (no OH group in DNA)

Question 17

3’ carbon attached to

Answer 17

OH

Question 18

5’ carbon attached to

Answer 18

phosphate group

Question 19

Particulate Inheritance

Answer 19

heredity based on particulate genes and alleles (Mendel)