topic 1

Question 1

What is an observational study, name the 2 types and explain them

Answer 1

Observational study = study where assignment of subjects is not controlled by the investigator

• Case control study: deals with retrospection, you compare people with a condition to people without the condition

-Cohort study: study (before a condition develops) of a group of people over a long time period to determine which factors may be associated with the appearance of a specific condition, it is prospective

Question 2

what is an interventional controlled study?

Answer 2

Interventional controlled study = double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

Question 3

what is double-blind? what is a placebo response?

Answer 3

double-blind: prevents influence on subject by researcher, researcher and group don’t know who is taking active substance and who is taking placebo.

placebo response: when people take something they think will make them feel better, they do feel a bit better.

Question 4

what is a meta-analysis study?

Answer 4

meta-analysis study: a study of multiple studies (case controls, cohort studies, interventional studies)

Question 5

what is a functional food?

Answer 5

Functional food: food consumed in conventional diet demonstrated to have physical benefits and/or decrease risk of chronic disease (eg. milk with added vitamin D)

Question 6

Name the macronutrients & their cal/g. Name the micronutrients.

Answer 6

Macronutrients: fat (9 cal/g), protein (4 cal/g), carbohydrates (4 cal/g)

Micronutrients: vitamins and minerals (0 cal/g)

Question 7

name a good source of: beta-glucan, lignans and omega-3, laetrile

Answer 7

beta-glucan: oat bran, lignans and omega-3: flaxseeds, laetrile: apricot pits

Question 8

true of false: laetrile has an effect on cancer

Answer 8

false

Question 9

True or false: Lignans do not prevent breast cancer in menopausal women

Answer 9

True, they reduce the risk of breast cancer in pre-menopausal women

Question 10

what food brings down blood cholesterol? why?

Answer 10

oat bran, because it contains beta-glucan (a soluble fiber)

Question 11

the discovery of DNA is attributed to…

Answer 11

Frederick Miescher, not Watson and Crick

Question 12

who was a pioneer in flight, before the Wright Brothers?

Answer 12

Samuel Langley, he was not given credit because there was no one aboard, he was given credit much later