topic 1

Question 1

A patient visits their GP. They have a BMI of 30.1 and smoke infrequently. Using your own knowledge, explain the advice you would give to the patient to reduce their risk of CVD (5)

Answer 1

Reduce energy intake/lose weight/increase amount of exercise
BMI of 30.1 increases risk of high blood pressure
High blood pressure can damage to endothelial lining of arteries leading to atherosclerosis/atheroma/plaque formation
Quit smoking
Smoking increases blood pressure further/ref to role in development of atherosclerosis
Reduce salt/saturated fat intake
Salt leads to high blood pressure/saturated fat increases cholesterol levels leading to atheroma formation

Question 2

Explain the role of antihypertensive drugs in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. (4)

Answer 2

Antihypertensives reduce blood pressure
Reduce the risk of endothelium damage to the arteries
Reduced inflammatory response/description of inflammatory response Reduced risk of atheroma/plaque formation

Question 3

O
|| what bond is this
C— O

Answer 3

ester bond

Question 4

Explain the role of statins in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. (3)

Answer 4

Statins reduce blood (LDL) cholesterol levels
Less cholesterol available for atheroma formation
Reduced size/development/equivalent of atheroma/plaqueh