Topic 1

Question 1

What is mitochondria descended from according to the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 1

• Mitochondria are descended from aerobic bacteria.

Question 2

What are chloroplasts descended from according to the endosymbiotic theory?

Answer 2

• Chloroplasts are descended from cyanobacteria.

Question 3

What does the theory of endosymbiosis propose regarding the origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answer 3

The theory of endosymbiosis suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts are descendants of free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by larger prokaryotic cells in a symbiotic relationship.

Question 4

What are the six lines of evidence that support the theory of endosymbiosis for mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Answer 4

1. Morphology
2. Reproduction
3. Genetic Information
4. Transcription and translation
5. Electron transport
6. Sequence analysis

Question 5

How did the prokaryotic ancestors of mitochondria and chloroplasts become a part of larger eukaryotic cells?

Answer 5

Over time, the host cell and the endosymbionts became inseparable parts of the same single celled organism.