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edexcel chemistry p2 > topic 1 > Flashcards

topic 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A shared pair of electrons

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2
Q

Why do elements react?

A

to form a full outer shell

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3
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

the transfer of electrons, from a metal to a non metal

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4
Q

What must you do to demonstrate a charged particle in a dot and cross diagram?

A

use square brackets and put the charge next to it

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5
Q

What are the key features of a giant ionic lattice?

A
  • Each negative ion is surrounded by a positive and vice versa
  • they have very strong electrostatic forces of attraction between molecules
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6
Q

What key features do ionic compounds have?

A
  • High melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces
  • Cannot conduct electricity when solid because the ions are not free to move
  • Can conduct when melted or dissolved as the ions are free to move
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7
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

when non-metal atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

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8
Q

In which type of diagram do the atoms overlap?

A

Covalent bonding diagram

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9
Q

What is a stick diagram?

A

A diagram to represent a covalent compound. One line is one covalent bond.

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10
Q

What are the key properties of small covalent molecules?

A
  • Low melting and boiling points due to the weak intermolecular forces
  • Do not conduct electricity as they are not charged
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11
Q

What is the rule for melting and boiling points in terms of covalent compounds?

A

the more atoms in the compound, the higher the boiling point

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12
Q

What are the key properties of giant covalent molecules?

A
  • Always solid at room temperature due to all the covalent bonds
  • High melting and boiling points due to all the covalent bonds
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13
Q

Give 3 examples of giant covalent molecules.

A

Diamond
Silicon dioxide
Graphite

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14
Q

What are the properties of diamond?

A
  • Formed from carbon and each carbon atom has 4 bonds
  • VERY HIGH melting and boiling point
  • VERY STRONG
  • Cannot conduct electricity as there are not free electron
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15
Q

What are the properties of Silicon dioxide?

A
  • VERY HIGH melting and boiling point
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16
Q

What are the properties of graphite?

A
  • Formed of carbon atoms in hexagonal rings (3 bonds each)
  • High melting and boiling point due to many covalent bonds
  • Soft and slippery due to lack of covalent bonds between layers
  • Conducts electricity and heat as there are delocalised electrons (carbon only makes 3 bonds in graphite, leaving one spare)
17
Q

Is graphite a metal?

A

NO

18
Q

What is graphene?

A

A single layer of graphite (only an atom thick)

19
Q

What are the properties of graphene?

A
  • Good conductor due to delocalised electrons
  • Extremely strong
20
Q

What are fullerenes?

A

Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes

21
Q

What are carbon nanotubes?

A

Fullerenes in the shape of a cylinder. They conduct electricity and have high tensile strengt

22
Q

What happens when metals react?

A

they lose electrons to achieve a full outer shell, becoming a positive ion.

23
Q

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

A

Left and middle

24
Q

What are the properties of all metals?

A
  • giant structure in layers
  • conduct electricity due to delocalised electrons
25
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

Bonding between 2 metals

26
Q

What does metallic bonding create?

A

Giant lattice of metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons

27
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

The electrostatic attraction between metal ions

28
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A
  • High melting and boiling points
  • Good conductors
  • Malleable as layers can slide over each other
29
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of two or more metals

30
Q

What are the differences between pure metals and alloys?

A
  • Alloys are less malleable as there are no clear layers (distorted)
  • Alloys are stronger than pure metals
31
Q

Evaluate a dot and cross diagram

A
  • Can easily tell which electrons are from which atom
  • Does not demonstrate the shape of the molecule
32
Q

Evaluate a stick diagram

A
  • Cannot tell which electron came from which atom
  • Does not show other electrons
33
Q

Evaluate a ball and stick diagram

A
  • Shows shape effectively in 3d
  • Is not accurate as ions are actually packed incredibly close together
  • Only shows small amount of real structure
34
Q

Evaluate a space filling diagram

A
  • Demonstrates how close together the ions are
  • Can be difficult to understand
  • Only shows small amount of real structure

edexcel chemistry p2 (5 decks)

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