Topic 1

Question 1

Egocentrism

Answer 1

the tendency to view everything in a relationship to oneself

Question 2

Sociocentrism

Answer 2

the assumption that one’s own social group is inherently superior to all others

Question 3

In reasoning through any problem, a well-cultivated critical thinker

Answer 3

Raises vital questions
Gathers and assesses relevant information
Reaches well-reasoned conclusions and solutions
Thinks open-mindedly
Communicates effectively with others

Question 4

First- order thinking

Answer 4

Spontaneous and non-reflective
Contains insight, prejudice, good and bad reasoning
Indiscriminately combined

Question 5

Second- order thinking

Answer 5

First-order thinking that is consciously realized (i.e., analyzed, assessed, and reconstructed)

Question 6

Weak- sense critical thinking

Answer 6

ignore the flaws in their owns thinking and often seek to win an argument through intellectual trickery or deceit

Question 7

Strong- sense critical thinking

Answer 7

thinking that pursues what is intellectually just and uses critical thinking skills to evaluate all beliefs, especially one’s own

Question 8

Fair-mindedness

Answer 8

to consider all relevant opinions equally without regard to one’s own sentiments or selfish interests

Question 9

Stereotype

Answer 9

a fixed or oversimplified concept of a person, group, or idea

Question 10

Sophistry

Answer 10

the ability to win an argument regardless of flaws in it;s reasoning

Question 11

Intellectual humility

Answer 11

openness to the possibility that one’s beliefs are mistaken and the willingness to reevaluate them in the face of new evidence or persuasive counterarguments

Question 12

Intellectual cowardice

Answer 12

fear of ideas or viewpoints that do not conform to one’s own

Question 13

Intellectual empathy

Answer 13

the act of routinely inhabiting the perspective of others to genuinely understand them; The ability to reconstruct others’ viewpoints

Question 14

Intellectual perseverance

Answer 14

the act of working one’s way through intellectual complexities despite frustrations inherent in doing so

Question 15

Fallacies

Answer 15

flaws or errors in reasoning which, when found in the premise of an argument, invalidate its conclusion

Question 16

Critical Thinking

Answer 16

thinking about thinking in order to make thinking better

Question 17

analyzing, evaluating, and improving

Answer 17

Critical thinking involves _______ one’s own thinking.

Question 18

depth/speed

Answer 18

Critical thinking values ________ of thought over ________ of thought.

Question 19

Intellectual integrity

Answer 19

To admit flaws in one’s own thinking

Question 20

feeling

Answer 20

Which of the mind’s basic functions evaluates the extent to which life’s events are either positive or negative?

Question 21

Intellectual courage

Answer 21

Confronting ideas, viewpoints, or beliefs with fairness, even when doing so is painful

Question 22

Intellectual autonomy

Answer 22

Thinking for oneself while adhering to standards of rationality

Question 23

Egocentric hypocrisy

Answer 23

Ignoring inconsistencies between belief and behavior and between public standards and private actions

Question 24

Egocentric immediacy

Answer 24

Overgeneralizing so that immediate events, whether favorable or unfavorable, influence thinking

Question 25

Egocentric memory

Answer 25

Remembering only that evidence and information that supports our thinking

Question 26

Egocentric myopia

Answer 26

Adopting an overly narrow point of view and thinking in absolutes

Question 27

Egocentric righteousness

Answer 27

Feeling superior because of possessing the “Truth”

Question 28

Universal ethical standards

Answer 28

Principles for correct human behavior acknowledged by reasonable people

Question 29

Thinking

Answer 29

creates meaning. It sorts events in our lives into categories. It finds patterns in the world around us. informs us what is going on.

Question 30

Feeling

Answer 30

the meanings created by thinking. It evaluates the degree to which life’s events are either positive or negative, given the meaning we assign to them. This function continually informs us how we should respond emotionally to what is happening in our lives.

Question 31

Wanting

Answer 31

energy into action. It does so consistently with how we define what is desirable and possible. Wanting continually tells us what is (or is not) worth seeking or getting.

Question 32

Confidence in reason

Answer 32

Proceeds from the belief that both the individual’s and society’s higher interests are best served by unfettered reason