Topic 02- Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Ionic Bonds definition

Answer 1

A chemical bond that forms between ions of opposite charges

Question 2

Covalent bond definition

Answer 2

A type of strong bond between two or more of the same or different elements; forms when electrons are shared between elements.

Question 3

Covalent bonds

Answer 3

Single, double, and triple bond

May be polar and cause a molecule to be polar

Question 4

Polar molecules may form HYDROGEN BONDS

Answer 4

Very weak bond between H w/a slight charge and oxygen or Nitrogen w/a slight charge on another molecule

Question 5

Water functions as a biological solvent

Answer 5

Water “dissolves” a substance by pulling the substance’s molecules apart and separating them

Spheres of Hydration

Question 6

Water absorbs and holds heat –> temperature regulation

Answer 6

High thermal capacity; protects organisms from rapid temperatures changes
Moderates temperature changes in organisms and in their environments
Heat storage

Question 7

The high heat of vaporization

Answer 7

When water vaporizes, it takes this heat energy with it, allowing for evaporative cooling

Ice formation — stabilization effect

Question 8

Water molecules have ________ —> transport

Answer 8

adhesion and cohesion —>

Question 9

Cohesion

Answer 9

When one water molecule is attracted to another water molecule
- Surface tension

Question 10

Adhesion

Answer 10

When polar molecules other than water stick to a water molecule

Question 11

Water solutions are classified as either ____, _____, or _____

Answer 11

Acidic, basic, or neutral

Question 12

The pH scale is a _____

Answer 12

the measure of the relative amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a solution

Question 13

the pH scale

Answer 13

scale 0-14

Question 14

pH greater than 7

Answer 14

basic

Question 15

pH lower than 7

Answer 15

acidic

Question 16

Pure water= 7

Answer 16

Neutral

Question 17

Acids

Answer 17

Substance donates H+ ions to a water solution- acidic solutions have a high concentration of H+ ions and a low concentrations of OH= ions

Question 18

Acids are sour tasting, corrosive, and can conduct electricity

Answer 18

Boric, acetic, and hydrochloric

Question 19

Bases

Answer 19

Any substance that donates OH- ions to a water solution. Bases have a high conc. of OH- ions and a low conc. of H+ ions

Question 20

Basic solutions …..

Answer 20

feel slippery, are corrosive, have a bitter taste and can conduct electricity

Question 21

Bases include

Answer 21

Sodium hydroxide
Soaps, detergents

Question 22

Acids and bases ….

Answer 22

neutralize each other

Question 23

Buffers

Answer 23

Any substance that tends to minimize the changes in pH that might otherwise occur when an acid or base is added to a solution

Question 24

Buffers regulate …

Answer 24

the pH of body fluids e.g. saliva, gastric juice, blood, interstitial fluids

Question 25

Monomers

Answer 25

Macromolecules are actually assembled from many similar small components

Question 26

Alkalosis

Answer 26

pH of blood increases, causes tetany

Question 27

Biomolecules: Building Blocks of Life

Answer 27

The building materials of the cell/body of living organisms are known as MACROMOLECULES because they can be very large

Question 28

there are four types of macromolecules associated with living creatures

Answer 28

Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids

Question 29

Polymer

Answer 29

The assembled chain of monomers

Question 30

Acidosis

Answer 30

pH of blood decreases due to CO2 accumulation in blood

Question 31

Examples of biomolecule monomers

Answer 31

Fatty acid, amino acid, and saccharides

Question 32

Four principal functional groups conferring properties

Answer 32

Hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and phosphate

Question 33

Four Classes of Molecules

Function

Answer 33

Enzymes

Structure- membranes

Hormones -e.g. insulin

Transport

Question 34

Structure determines

Answer 34

Function