Topic 01 - The nature of Science and Biology

Question 1

Biblical narrative

Creation —–> _____ —–> Redemption —–> _____

Answer 1

Creation —–> Fall —–> Redemption —> Restoration

Question 2

_____ of all the sciences, has the greatest potential for making major advances in aid of humanity; at the same time, most problems facing society today are either biological or have large biological components

American Institute of _____ Sciences

Answer 2

Biology

Biological

Question 3

____ implies that you can give correct answers to questions and in examinations.

Answer 3

Knowledgeable

Question 4

_____ implies that a man’s outlook is transformed by what he knows

Answer 4

Educated

Question 5

The main difference between knowledge and education is that in _____ you are transformed by what you know.

In ____ you have the right answers but not ______

Answer 5

education

Knowledge

transformed

Question 6

_____, an invasive species to Yellowstone Lake, has reduced cutthroat trout populations by 90%

As a result, ____ and _____ populations in the park have declined.

Answer 6

Lake trout

River otter

Osprey

Question 7

Lake trout has also caused a decrease in the population of _____ swans, the common loon.

Answer 7

Trumpster

Question 8

The introduction of Lake trout have caused ______, _______, and _______ populations to decrease.

Answer 8

Cutthroat trout

Osprey

Trumpster swan

Question 9

Lake trout have also caused a high mortality rate among ______ calves.

Answer 9

elk

Question 10

Bufo marinus is the scientific name for the ______

Answer 10

Cane Toad

Question 11

The cause of toad feminization is caused by _______

Answer 11

chemicals

Question 12

Increase in _______ within the vicinity of toad populations = an increase the population of feminization of frogs

Answer 12

farming

Question 13

T/F

Feminization by way of estrogen affects humans.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Human sewage describes ____ source pollution

Answer 14

point

Question 15

Agricultural runoff describe ____ source pollution

Answer 15

non-point

Question 16

Being scientifically literate is required for the following:

1) ________
2) ________
3) ________

Answer 16

1) Knowing yourself
2) Knowing your world
3) Knowing your God

Question 17

Correlation does not mean _____.

Answer 17

causation

Question 18

Increased farming within the vicinity of toad populations = _____ in population of feminized frogs

Answer 18

increase

Question 19

The aim of science is _____

Answer 19

theory

Question 20

_____ is an activity or process, the underlying aim of which is to further our understanding of why things happen the way they do in the natural or created world

Answer 20

Science

Question 21

A _____ is a collection of human observations used to explain phenomena and make predictions in new situations. Backed by empirical evidence.

Answer 21

Theory

Question 22

Science is characterized by its demand for empirical evidence for its conclusions describes aspect # _____

Answer 22

1

Question 23

Science is characterized by its demand for logical reasoning describes aspect # ______.

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Science is given tentative or contingent knowledge describes aspect # _____

Answer 24

3

Question 25

Science has an epistemological framework that includes a set of presuppositions describes aspect # \_\_\_\_

Answer 25

4

Question 26

Science as a human activity has limits describes aspect # \_\_\_\_

Answer 26

5

Question 27

Science takes place within the values and norms of the culture and is subject to the biases of its practitioners describes aspect # \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 27

6

Question 28

The general role of science is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 28

collection of human observations used to explain phenomena and make predictions in new situations (rests on many hypotheses that have been tested and backed by empirical evidence).

Question 29

Knowledge received by observation and experimentation is _____ evidence

Answer 29

imperical

Question 30

\_\_\_\_\_ reasoning is a method of drawing conclusions by going from specific to general

Answer 30

Inductive Example: **Example: The left-handed people I know use left-handed scissors; therefore, all left-handed people use left-handed scissors.**

Question 31

\_\_\_\_ is a method of drawing conclusions by going from general to specific

Answer 31

Deductive Example: **Acute angles are less than 90 degrees. This angle is 40 degrees, so it must be an acute angle.**

Question 32

Something fact-based you experience through one of your five senses describes \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 32

observations

Question 33

an ______ is what you think or decide about something you have observed

Answer 33

inference

Question 34

Scientists make observations by \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 34

Scientists use their own senses, instruments (such as microscopes) that enhance those senses, and instruments that tap characteristics quite different from what humans can sense (such as magnetic fields). They observe passively or actively.

Question 35

A standard rule; what community decides is researched based on political, social, and cultural titles. They observe passively or actively describe \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 35

communal objectivity

Question 36

\_\_\_\_ is the most amazing person ever

Answer 36

Kyle

Question 37

forming and testing evidence. propose a hypothesis, decide what is testable, test consequences, accept/ reject hypothesis, formulate "if...then" No anecdotal evidence!(observe--infer--propose--test--discard--feasibility) describes the _____ method.

Answer 37

hypothetico-deductive

Question 38

Generalizations of how the natural world/creation reacts in certain conditions describes \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 38

law

Question 39

A ______ is a prediction with not much evidence, is testable and falsifiable.

Answer 39

Hypothosis

Question 40

\_\_\_\_\_ are not laws, rather theories attempt to explain \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 40

laws. BOTH BLANKS ARE LAWS

Question 41

\_\_\_\_\_\_ research is observing, gathering data, and testing. You have two variables, **independent** and **dependent** (independent is the treatment, and dependent is the effect). you NEVER want to change your independent variable, there are your **control** groups.

Answer 41

Experimental

Question 42

The 4 limitations of science: 1) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 42

1) Limit to physical explanations of observed events 2) Science can't make value judgements 3) Science can't address ultimate questions of purpose 4) Gives tentative or contingent knowledge

Question 43

\_\_\_\_\_ study or after-the-fact research is a category of research design in which the investigation starts after the fact has occurred without inference from the researcher.

Answer 43

Ex post facto Example: **The effects of second-hand smoke or the study of second-hand smoke take place after the incident has occurred (the individual has already been exposed to second-hand smoke)**

Question 44

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ research investigates the relationship between two variables without the researcher controlling or manipulating them.

Answer 44

Correlational

Question 45

The main advantage experimental research has over correlational research is that experimental research establishes \_\_\_\_\_. Correlational studies only show associations between variables.

Answer 45

causality

Question 46

**Scale of Correlation** 0. 1 \< 0,1 = **No correlation** 0. 1 \< 0.3 = **little correlation** 0. 3 \< 0.5 = **medium correlation** 0. 5 \< 0,7 = **high correlation** 0. 7 \< 1 = **very high correlation**

Question 47

Strength of Correlation is indicted by \_\_\_\_.

Answer 47

r

Question 48

The correlation scale goes from _____ ----\> \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 48

-1 ---\> +1

Question 49

This is a ____ correlation with a "r" value of \_\_\_\_

Answer 49

perfect positive correlation r = 1

Question 50

This is a ____ correlation with a "r" value of \_\_\_\_

Answer 50

no correlation r = 0

Question 51

This is a ____ correlation with a "r" value of \_\_\_\_

Answer 51

High positive correlation r = 0.8

Question 52

This is a ____ correlation with a "r" value of \_\_\_\_

Answer 52

Low positive correlation r = 0.3

Question 53

A _____ is a generalization of how the natural world reacts in certain conditions

Answer 53

law

Question 54

A ______ inferred explanations of natural world, attempts to explain laws

Answer 54

theory

Question 55

**4 Limitations of Science:** 1) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 2) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 3) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 4) \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 55

1) Limit to physical explanations of observed events 2) Science can't make value judgments 3) Science can't address ultimate questions of purpose 4) Gives tentative or contingent knowledge

Question 56

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ evidence is a personal testimony

Answer 56

Anecdotal

Question 57

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ evidence is durable and concepts do not change

Answer 57

Scientific

Question 58

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are non-testable assumptions which are the foundation to a set of new beliefs, worldview, philosophy, etc.

Answer 58

presuppositions

Question 59

The phrase "Humans were created or humans were evolved from apes" is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 59

presupposition

Question 60

**A World View is:** 1) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 2) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 3) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 4) \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 60

1) A way of seeing and interpreting the world 2) A vision for the way of life 3) A way to answer life's major questions 4) A person's presupposition

Question 61

The world view that is most popular in the scientific community is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 61

empiricism

Question 62

empiricism is the idea that all concepts, ideas, and _______ knowledge available to humans must ultimately rest solely on ______ experiences or observations. Any alleged idea or belief that does not have empirical grounding is empty/meaningless. An attempt to ______ all knowledge to scientific knowledge.

Answer 62

substantive sensory reduce

Question 63

Paul Bloom explains the tendency of humans to believe in the supernatural by stating that the supernatural world is not learned, but rather we are _____ for belief

Answer 63

wired

Question 64

\_\_\_\_\_ is the study of living things

Answer 64

Biology

Question 65

**Seven Shared Properties of Living Things** 1) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 2) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 3) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 4) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 5) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 6) \_\_\_\_\_\_ 7) \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 65

**1)** Organisms are constructed of same kinds of atoms/ molecules according to the same laws of energy. **2)** organisms consist of one or more cells. **3)** Organisms use energy and raw material from the environment to survive and reproduce. **4)** Organisms sense and make controlled responses to conditions in their external and internal environment to regulate homeostasis. **5)** Organisms have the capacity for growth and reproduction. **6)** All organisms pass genetic info to future generations from parent to offspring. **7)** Organisms can adapt to their environment

Question 66

all living things are composed of cells. The cell is the structural and functional unit of life is the _____ theory

Answer 66

Cell

Question 67

**Components of the Cell Theory:** 1) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 67

1) All living things are composed of cells 2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things 3) All cells come from pre-existing cells. Also, organisms grow by “**adding on more cells**” NOT by increasing the size of their cells.

Question 68

\_\_\_\_\_\_ states that living things can only come from living things and cells can only come from pre-existing cells

Answer 68

Biogenesis

Question 69

maintaining a constant internal environment to continue to process of life is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 69

Homeostasis **Example of Homeostasis in action** Maintenance of blood pressure: The heart can sense changes in blood pressure, sending signals to the brain, which then sends appropriate instructions back to the heart. If blood pressure is too high, the heart should slow down; if it is too low, the heart should speed up.

Question 70

Proteins and other amino acids help control body temperature. This is an example of \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 70

homeostasis

Question 71

\_\_\_\_\_\_ reproduction is a mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent. 1 parent, cells split, genetic copy (also known as an offspring or "clone")

Answer 71

Asexual

Question 72

\_\_\_\_\_ reproduction is the process in which new organisms are created, by combining the genetic information from two individuals of different sexes. 2 parents, gametes, recombination variation

Answer 72

Sexual

Question 73

**Charles Darwin's principles:** 1) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 73

1) All living creatures are modified descendants of a common ancestor that lived long ago 2) Every species that has ever appeared can be explained by descent with modification 3) Modifications are the result of natural selection acting on genetic mutations

Question 74

The shared ancestor of new, different species that arose from one population is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 74

common ancestor

Question 75

principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 75

descent with modification

Question 76

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits is \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 76

natural selection