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Physiology year 1 > Tophat questions > Flashcards

Tophat questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which best describes the functions of the left ventricle of the heart?
A) Receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava
B) Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps blood to the rest of the body via the aorta
C) Receives deoxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery
D) Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps to the left atrium

A

B) Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps blood to the rest of the body via the atrium

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2
Q 
The origin of the cardiac cycle in the heart is...
A) The AV node
B) The CV control centre
C) Bundle of His
D) The SA node
A

D) The Sino atrial node- sets the heart rate

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3
Q 
To influence blood flow, the most efficient parameter to change in the blood vessels is...
A) The diameter of the blood vessel
B) The length of the blood vessel
C) The temperature of the blood
D) The viscosity of the blood
A

A) The diameter of the blood vessel

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4
Q

Cardiac output is…
A) The number of times the heart beats per minute
B) The volume of blood ejected from the heart each contraction
C) The volume of blood left in the heart after each contraction
D) The volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart per minute

A

D) The volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart per minute

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5
Q

During incremental dynamic exercise stroke volume…
A) Increases until an intensity of about 50% of V02 max and then plateaus
B) Increases in a linear fashion with an increasing intensity until exhaustion
C) Remains constant
D) Decreases in a linear fashion with increasing intensity until exhaustion

A

A) Increases until and intensity of about 50% of V02 max and then plateaus

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6
Q

When blood flow is redistributed during heavy exercise, the blood flow to the brain is….
A) Increased in proportion to the intensity
B) Decreased as more blood goes to the muscles
C) Kept constant regardless of the intensity

A

C) Kept constant regardless of the intensity

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7
Q 
The main determinant of the rate of gas diffusion in the respiratory system is...
A) The solubility coefficient of the gas
B) The partial pressure gradient
C) The temperature
D) Blood flow
A

B) The partial pressure gradient

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8
Q 
At rest, the order of approximate partial pressure values for oxygen between the alveolus, pulmonary vein, body tissues and pulmonary artery is...
A) 100mmHg, 40mmHg, 100mmHg, 40mmHg
B) 40mmHg, 100mmHg, 40mmHg, 100mmHg
C) 40mmHg, 40mmHg, 46mmHg, 46mmHg
D) 105mmHg, 100mmHg, 40mmHg, 40mmHg
A

D) 105mmHg, 100mmHg, 40mmHg, 40mmHg

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9
Q

The main mechanisms for oxygen and carbon dioxide transport in the blood are…
A) Both bound to haemoglobin in the red blood cells
B) Both dissolved in the blood plasma
C) Dissolved in the plasma and bound to haemoglobin respectively
D) Bound to haemoglobin and carried as bicarbonate ions respectively

A

D) Bound to haemoglobin and carried as bicarbonate ions respectively

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10
Q 
Which one correctly describes the arterio-venous difference in oxygen content at rest and during heavy exercise?
A) 4-5ml at rest&15ml at exercise
B) 15ml at rest&4-5 ml at exercise
C) 20ml at rest&15ml at exercise
D)15ml at rest&20ml at exercise
A

A) 4-5ml at rest and 15ml at exercise

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11
Q

Which equation describes the ventilatory response?
A) Ventilation = stroke volume x heart rate
B) Ventilation = expired volume - inspired volume
C) Ventilation = tidal volume + breathing frequency
D) Ventilation = tidal volume x breathing frequency

A

D) Ventilation = tidal volume x breathing frequency

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12
Q 
What is the minute ventilation textbook value for a healthy trained individual during maximal exercise...
A) 150 l/min
B) 3 l/min
C) 20 l/min
D) 1000 l/min
A

A) 150 l/min

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13
Q

How much ATP do the following stages produce?

  1. Aerobic glycolysis
  2. Krebs Cycle
  3. Electron transport chain
A
  1. Aerobic glycolysis- 3 ATP molecules
  2. Krebs Cycle- 2 ATP molecules
  3. Electron transport chain- 28 ATP molecules
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14
Q 
Which energy system replenishes ATP at the slowest rate?
A) PC system
B) Glycolytic system
C) Aerobic system
D) Lactate system
A

C) Aerobic system

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15
Q

Which of the following is not an adaptation to anaerobic training?
A) Better recruitment of Type II Muscle fibres
B) Increased activity of creatine kinase
C) Improved ability to buffer hydrogen
D) Increased capillarisation of the muscle fibres

A

D) Increased capillarisation of the muscle fibres

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16
Q

What is the correct order of events in the oxidation of fat?
A) Beta oxidation-lipolysis-krebs cycle-electron transport chain
B) Lipolysis-krebs cycle-beta oxidation-electron transport chain
C) Lipolysis- beta oxidation-krebs cycle- electron transport chain
D) Krebs cycle-electron transport chain-lipolysis-beta oxidation

A

B) Lipolysis- beta oxidation- krebs cycle- electron transport chain

17
Q 
The compound that both carbohydrate and fat must be converted to before entering the Krebs Cycle is...
A) Pyruvate
B) Acetyl Co-A
C) ADP
D) Lactate
A

B) Acetyl Co-A

18
Q 
Which of the following reasons for the production of lactate is correct...
A) Buffer the accumulation of pyruvate
B) To increase production of hydrogen
C) To reduce the pH of the muscle tissue
D) None of the above
A

A) Buffer the accumulation of pyruvate

19
Q 
Type 1 muscle fibres have:
A) High glycolytic capacity
B) Large motor units
C) High oxidative capacity
D) High contraction speed
A

C) High oxidative capacity

20
Q 
The branch of the nervous system which delivers electrical signals to the skeletal muscles is the...
A) Somatic nervous system
B) Efferent nervous system
C) Afferent nervous system
D) Sensory nervous system
A

A) Somatic nervous system

21
Q

Which of the following statements about motor units is false…
A) Each muscle fibre is only innervates by one neurone
B) Muscle fibres within a motor unit can be of different fibre types
C) Motor units with smaller neurones are called on before those with larger neurones
D) If a motor neuron is activated, all muscle fibres the neurone innervates will contract in an all or non fashion

A

B) Muscle fibres within a motor unit can be of different fibre types

22
Q 
Increasing breathing are and blood flow to the working muscles is a function of the...
A) Parasympathetic nervous system
B) Somatic nervous system
C) Autonomic nervous system
D) Sympathetic nervous system
A

D) Sympathetic nervous system

23
Q 
When performing an eccentric contraction as the velocity of the contraction increases, the force produced by the muscle:
A) Decreases
B) Increases
C) Remains stable
D) Doubles
A

B) Increases

24
Q 
When performing a concentric contraction as the velocity of the contraction increases, the force produced by the muscle:
A) Decreases
B) Increases
C) Remains stable
D) Doubles
A

A) Decreases

25
Q

Which of the following set of characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibres is correct?
A) Slow contraction speed, high fatigue resistance, small fibre diameter
B) High contraction speed, high fatigue resistance, low anaerobic enzyme content
C) Low force production, slow contraction speed, high anaerobic enzyme content
D) Slow contraction speed, high fatigue resistance, large fibre diameter

A

A) Slow contraction speed, high fatigue resistance, small fibre diameter

26
Q 
Calcium interacts with which protein complex to reveal myosin binding sites?
A) Troponin/tropomyosin
B) Troponin/actin
C) Tropomyosin/actin
D) Troponin/myosin
A

A) Troponin/tropomyosin

Physiology year 1 (2 decks)

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