Top2-Ch3-P43-48-Reverse Flashcards
Eumelanin (brown/black) and pheomelanin (red/yellow)
What are the two types of melanin (causes darker hair) responsible for hair colour?
protects from sun
What does melanin do?
- Discovered in 1993
- melanocortin-1 receptor
- on Chromosome 16
The cause of red hair was discovered when, what is it called and what chromosome is it on?
two, MCR1, recessive, 10-20%
Most redheads have _____ mutated _____ copies, which means a ______ inheritance pattern.
But about ______ people have only one.
Gregor Mendel
Who discovered the basic principles of heredity?
the pea plant (pisum sativum)
Advantages: easy to cultivate, grew quickly for a plant and had a large number of varieties.
What plant did Mendel use for his experiments and why was it a good choice?
- Seed (endosperm) color - yellow or green
- Seed shape - round or wrinkled
- Seed coat colour - gray or white
- Pod colour - yellow or green
- Pod shape - inflated or constricted
- Flower position - axial (along stem) or terminal (at tip of stem)
- Stem length - short or tall
What were the seven characteristics that Mendel chose to study?
1866
When did Mendel publish his findings?
a genetic factor (region of DNA) that helps determine a characteristic.
Gene is?
One of two or more alternative forms of a gene.
Allele?
Specific place on a chromosome occupied by an allele. Plural is loci.
Locus?
Set of alleles possessed by an individual organism.
Genotype?
An individual organism possessing two different alleles at a locus.
Wikipedia: Diploid organisms have the same genes on each of their two sets of homologous chromosomes, except that the sequences of these genes may differ between the two chromosomes in a matching pair and that a few chromosomes may be mismatched as part of a sex-determination system. If both alleles of a diploid organism are the same, the organism is homozygous for the trait. If they are different, the organism is heterozygous for that trait.
Heterozygote?
An individual organism possessing two of the same alleles at a locus.
Wikipedia: Diploid organisms have the same genes on each of their two sets of homologous chromosomes, except that the sequences of these genes may differ between the two chromosomes in a matching pair and that a few chromosomes may be mismatched as part of a sex-determination system. If both alleles of a diploid organism are the same, the organism is homozygous for the trait. If they are different, the organism is heterozygous for that trait.
Homozygote
wikipedia: the composite of an organism’s observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, phenology, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird’s nest). Phenotypes result from the expression of an organism’s genes as well as the influence of environmental factors and the interactions between the two.
book: appearance or manifestation of a character
A phenotype or trait is?
He opened the buds before the anthers (male sex organs) were fully developed, removing the anthers and then dusting the stigma (female sex organs) with pollen from a different plant’s anthers.
How did Mendel stop the peas from self-fertilising?
