Intro-Ch1-P1-9-Reverse

Question 1

Is caused by a defect in one of the enzymes required to produce melanin, the pigment that darkens our skin, hair and eyes.

Answer 1

Albinism is caused how?

Question 2

The Hopi tribe and their rate of albinism is 1 in 200 compared to the population rate of 1 in 20,000 people.

Answer 2

What native American tribe has a high rate of albinism? and what is the rate compared to the population?

Question 3

The increase in world food production that occurred during the 1950s and 1960s.

Answer 3

What is the Green Revolution?

Question 4

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is widely accepted by the scientific community as a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a polypeptide or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism, though there still are controversies about what plays the role of the genetic material.

Answer 4

Genes?

Question 5

A complete set of genetic instructions for any organism and all genomes are encoded in nucleic acids - either DNA or RNA.

Answer 5

Genome

Question 6

3.5 to 4.0 billion years ago.

Answer 6

When did first life commence on Earth?

Question 7

It is the passing of traits to offspring (from its parent or ancestors).

Answer 7

What is Heredity?

Question 8

agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and medicine and is fundamental to modern biology.

Answer 8

Genetics contributes to advances in

Question 9

• All life forms are genetically related.
• Research findings on one organism’s gene function can often be applied to other organisms.
• Genes from one organism can often exist and thrive in another organism.

Answer 9

Name some implications of all organisms having similar genetic systems?

Question 10

is the transfer of genetic information from genes to another generation (from parent to offspring)

Answer 10

Genetic transmission?

Question 11

Studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level - the gene itself; how genetic information is encoded, replicated, and expressed.

Answer 11

Molecular genetics?

Question 12

Explores genetic composition of groups of individual members of the same species (populations) and how that composition changes geographically and with the passage of time. Because evolution is genetic change population genetics is fundamentally the study of evolution.

Answer 12

Population genetics?

Question 13

Organisms that have characteristics that make them particularly useful for genetic analysis and which have a large amount of genetic information already accumulated.

Answer 13

What are “Model Genetic Organisms”?

Question 14

• Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
• Escherichia coli - a bacterium present in the gut of humans and animals.
• Nematode worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
• Thale-cress plant (Arabidopsis thaliana)
• House mouse (Mus musculus)
• Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

These species are organisms of choice for many genetic researchers and their genomes were sequenced as a part of the Human Genome Project.

Answer 14

Name six “Model Genetic Organisms”

Question 15

is an international scientific research project with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up DNA, and of identifying and mapping the approximately 20,000–25,000 genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint.

Answer 15

Human Genome Project?

Question 16

• Bread mould (Neurospora crassa)
• Corn (Zea Mays)
• Zebrafish (danio rerio)
• Clawed frog (xenopus laevis)

Answer 16

What other species are frequently subjects of genetic research and are considered genetic models?

Question 17

Specific particles, later called gemmules, carry information from various parts of the body to the reproductive organs where they are passed to the embryo at the moment of conception.
Developed by Greek philosophers, was highly influential, and persisted until the late 1800s. Darwin pushed this idea.

Answer 17

What is pangenesis?

Question 18

Traits acquired during lifetime become part of person’s hereditary information and are passed onto offspring. Proven to be not true.

Answer 18

What is “inheritance of acquired characteristics”?

Question 19

1665

Answer 19

When did Robert Hooke discover cells?

Question 20

Inside the egg or sperm exists a fully formed miniature adult (homunculus) which enlarges during development. This meant that traits were inherited from just male or female but not both. Not true.

Answer 20

What is preformationism?

Question 21

That offspring are a blend, or mixture, of parental traits. Not true.

Answer 21

What is “blending inheritance”?

Question 22

Are large biological molecules essential for all known forms of life. They include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). Together with proteins, nucleic acids are the most important biological macromolecules; each is found in abundance in all living things, where they function in encoding, transmitting and expressing genetic information.

Answer 22

Nucleic acid?

Question 23

Deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecule encoding the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses. Along with RNA and proteins, DNA is one of the three major macromolecules that are essential for all known forms of life.

Answer 23

DNA?

Question 24

Ribonucleic acid is a ubiquitous family of large biological molecules that perform multiple vital roles in the coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. Together with DNA, RNA comprises the nucleic acids, which, along with proteins, constitute the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but is usually single-stranded.

Answer 24

RNA?

Question 25

That plants reproduce sexually by using pollen from the male sex cells. Discovered this in 1676.

Answer 25

What did English plant anatomist and physiologist, Nehemiah Grew, discover?

Question 26

Gregor Mendel

Answer 26

Who discovered the basic principles of heredity?