Top pH & Homeostasis Cards Flashcards
Metabolic acidosis is caused by the addition of hydrogen ions to the ECF from a source other than carbon dioxide or by the loss of bicarbonate ions.
Metabolic alkalosis results from a loss of hydrogen ions or an excess of bicarbonate ions.
The following has been determined from an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample: elevated arterial PCO2 level and a low blood pH. Determine the acid-base imbalance.
The following has been determined from an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample: elevated arterial PCO2 level and a low blood pH. Determine the acid-base imbalance.
respiratory acidosis
1. repolarization of neurons and muscle cells after action potential
What is a major function of potassium ions vs sodium ions in the body?
Match:
A: potassium ions
B: sodium ions
Sodium ions are more concentrated in the ECF.
This concentration gradient for sodium ions is critical for depolarization of excitable cells and for the maintenance of ECF osmolarity.
Potassium ions are more concentrated in the cytosol than the ECF. They are largely responsible for generating the negative resting membrane potential, and they cause the repolarization phase of the action potential.
Hyperventilation is the compensation for an acid-base imbalance known as:
respiratory acidosis.
metabolic acidosis.
metabolic alkalosis.
respiratory alkalosis.
Hyperventilation is the compensation for an acid-base imbalance known as:
respiratory acidosis.
metabolic acidosis.
metabolic alkalosis.
respiratory alkalosis.
[] What leads to respiratory acidosis?
increasing reabsorption of bicarbonate ions from the filtrate
hyperventilation
increasing secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate
hypoventilation
[] What leads to respiratory acidosis?
increasing reabsorption of bicarbonate ions from the filtrate
hyperventilation
increasing secretion of hydrogen ions into the filtrate
hypoventilation
Which hormone influences the concentration of hydrogen ions in the filtrate formed by the kidneys?
aldosterone
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D3 (calcitonin)
Which hormone influences the concentration of hydrogen ions in the filtrate formed by the kidneys?
aldosterone
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
parathyroid hormone
vitamin D3 (calcitonin)
Through what two systems are carbon dioxide eliminated from the body?
respiratory and urinary systems
What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
decreasing sodium ion concentration of the blood
increasing calcium ion concentration of the blood
increasing potassium ion concentration of the blood
decreasing calcium ion concentration of the blood
What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
decreasing sodium ion concentration of the blood
increasing calcium ion concentration of the blood
increasing potassium ion concentration of the blood
decreasing calcium ion concentration of the blood
What is a major function of potassium ions in the body?
maintaining resting potential of neurons and muscle cells
forming hydroxyapatite salts in osseous tissue
activating enzymes
maintaining osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
What is a major function of potassium ions in the body?
maintaining resting potential of neurons and muscle cells
forming hydroxyapatite salts in osseous tissue
activating enzymes
maintaining osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid (ECF)
What effect does an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the volume of extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) has no effect on ECF.
ECF decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present.
ECF increases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present.
ECF increases initially, then decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present.
What effect does an increase in antidiuretic hormone (ADH) have on the volume of extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) has no effect on ECF.
ECF decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present.
ECF increases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present.
ECF increases initially, then decreases when antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is present.
How much urine is lost through obligatory water loss each day?
500 ml
1500 ml
2500 ml
5000 ml
How much urine is lost through obligatory water loss each day?
500 ml
1500 ml
2500 ml
5000 ml
Mrs. Frykholm is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis, which causes metabolic acidosis. She has experienced damage to her kidneys from diabetes mellitus. Predict how her body compensates to return her blood pH to normal.
decreasing hydrogen ion secretion into the filtrate
hypoventilation
hyperventilation
decreasing bicarbonate ion reabsorption by the kidneys
Mrs. Frykholm is experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis, which causes metabolic acidosis. She has experienced damage to her kidneys from diabetes mellitus. Predict how her body compensates to return her blood pH to normal.
decreasing hydrogen ion secretion into the filtrate
hypoventilation
hyperventilation
decreasing bicarbonate ion reabsorption by the kidneys
What is the most common cause for hypernatremia?
dehydration
Which of the following accounts for the majority of our total body water?
extracellular fluid
cytosol
plasma
interstitial fluid
Which of the following accounts for the majority of our total body water?
extracellular fluid
cytosol
plasma
interstitial fluid
metabolic acidosis - The main compensatory mechanism for this acid-base imbalance is ____________
metabolic alkalosis - Respiratory compensation for this acid-base balance occurs via ____________
metabolic acidosis - The main compensatory mechanism for this acid-base imbalance is hyperventilation.
metabolic alkalosis - Respiratory compensation for this acid-base balance occurs via hypoventilation.
