Top Notch 1a Flashcards
Getting acquainted
If you acquainted with someone, you have met them a few times but don’t know them very well.
اشنا کردن، اگاه کردن، مسبوق کردن، مطلع کردن
Stapler
A tool used for putting staples into paper
منگنه
Staples
ميخ منگنه
As a matter of fact
in fact, actually, to tell the truth,
حقیقت‌امر اینست‌که‌خوب بخواهید بدانید
Exchange
@ to give someone something and receive the same kind of thing from them at the same time:
1- We exchange gifts at Christmas.
2- At the end of the game, players traditionally exchange shirts with each other.
@ to give someone something and receive something different from them
SYN change:
exchange something for something
1- Where can I exchange my dollars for pounds?
Register
In everyday British English, people usually say swap or, in everyday American English, trade, rather than exchange:
1- Do you want to swap (BrE)/trade (AmE) seats with me?
معاوضه، مبادله، تبادل، ردوبدل ارز، جای‌معاملات ارزی و سهامی، بورس، صرافخانه، صرافی، مبادله کردن، عوض کردن
Rainforest
/ ˈreɪnfɒrəst, ˈreɪnfɒrɪst $ -fɔː-, -fɑː- / noun
a tropical forest with tall trees that are very close together, growing in an area where it rains a lot :
1- the destruction of the rain forest
جنگل انبوه مناطق گرم و پر باران
م
Rainbow
/ ˈreɪnbəʊ $ -boʊ / noun
a large curve of different colours that can appear in the sky when there is both sun and rain
رنگين كمان
Rising intonation
Use in yes / no questions
Falling intonation
Use in information questions
Coast
@ the area where the land meets the sea ➔ coastal: coast of 1- the west coast of Africa on the coast 2- I used to live in a small village on the coast (=on the land near the sea). off the coast 3- a small island off the coast (=in the sea near the land) of Scotland
ساحل، دریاکنار
Pharmaceutical
/ ˌfɑːməˈsjuːtɪk ə l◂ $ ˌfɑːrməˈsuː- / adjective [ only before noun ]
relating to the production of drugs and medicines :
1- the pharmaceutical industry
2- pharmaceutical products
دارویی، وابسته به داروسازی،
Overseas
/ ˌəʊvəˈsiːz◂ $ ˌoʊvər- / adverb @ to or in a foreign country that is across the sea → abroad : 1- Chris is going to work overseas. 2- Most applications came from overseas. کشورهاى بيگانه ،خارج از کشور
Authentic
/ ɔːˈθentɪk $ ɒː- / adjective
@ done or made in the traditional or original way SYN genuine :
1- authentic French food
@ a painting, document, book etc that is authentic has been proved to be by a particular person SYN genuine :
2- an authentic work by Picasso
Register
In everyday English, people usually say that something is real or the real thing rather than authentic :
3- This is real Indian cooking.
How do you know if the picture is the real thing?
صحيح ،معتبر،درست ،موثق ،قابل اعتماد
Article
ar‧ti‧cle S2 W1 / ˈɑːtɪk ə l $ ˈɑːr- / noun [ countable ]
@ e a piece of writing about a particular subject in a newspaper or magazine
article on/about
1- an article on environmental issues
2- The paper’s leading article (= the main article ) described the government as weak.
3-newspaper articles
@ technical
a word used before a noun to show whether the noun refers to a particular example of something or to a general example of something.
4- In English, ‘the’ is called the definite article and ‘a’ and ‘an’ are called the indefinite article.
مقاله ،گفتار،حرف تعريف(مثل)the
Respect each other
به همديگر احترام بگذاريد
Wrap-up
ˈwrap-up noun [ countable ]
@ (American English informal)
a short report that repeats the main points, for example of a news broadcast SYN round-up
wrap up phrasal verb
@ to put on warm clothes
wrap 1 S3 / ræp / verb ( past tense and past participle wrapped , present participle wrapping ) [ transitive ]
@ ( also wrap up ) to put paper or cloth over something to cover it
THESAURUS
@ cover ( also cover up ) to put something over, on, or around something else, to hide it, protect it, or improve its appearance :
1- Cover the dough, and leave it to rise.
2- She wears a lot of make-up to cover her spots.
خاتمه يافتن ،به نتيجه رسيدن ،تمام شدن ،گزارش ،خلاصه
Taste
tasteS2 W2 / teɪst / noun
food
@ [ uncountable and countable ] the feeling that is produced by a particular food or drink when you put it in your mouth SYN flavour :
1- The medicine had a slightly bitter taste.
taste of
2- I don’t really like the taste of meat any more.
@ what you like [ uncountable and countable ] the kind of things that someone likes
taste in
3- He asked about my taste in music.
COMMON ERRORS
► Do not say ‘ it is sweet taste ‘ or ‘ it is nice taste ‘. Say it has a sweet taste or it has a nice taste .
مزه ،طعم ،چشاپى ،ذوق ،سليقه
In advance
ad‧vance S2 W2 / ədˈvɑːns $ ədˈvæns / noun
@ in advance (of something)
before something happens or is expected to happen
1- I should warn you in advance that I’m not a very good dancer.
2- Many thanks, in advance, for your help.
SYN: ahead of time, earlier than expected
پيشاپيش ، پيش از ، قبل از
Box office
The place in a theatre, cinema, etc where tickets are sold.
SYN: ticket office
Along
Going forward , ( prep ) in the direction of , ( adv ) together with
1- i was driving along, thinking about chris.
2- a group of children walking along in a line.
همراه . جلو پيش
That’s not for me.
I don’t think I want to go to that
That’s past my bed time
That’s too late
That’s more my style
I like that better
I see what you mean
I understand what you are saying
What are you up to?
What are you doing?
What’s going on with you?
Say this when you think someone is secretly doing something bad.
be more sb’s style
be more sb’s style (= used to say that you prefer something )
1. I don’t think the parachuting weekend is for me – the art class is more my style.
2. I like your style (= approve of the way you do things ) , Simpson.
3. I can’t ask a man out – it’s not my style (= it is not the way I usually behave ) .
Parachute:
چتر نجات، پاراشوت به کار بردن
Prepositions of time
Prepositions of time Use on with the names of days or dates. 1- On Thursday 2- On the weekend 3- On Monday morning 4- On Sundays 5- On New Year’s day 6- On a weekday Use in with periods of time (but not with names of days) 1- In 1998 2- In the morning 3- In July 4- In the 20th century 5- In ( the ) spring 6- In the 1950s Use at with specific moments in time 1- At 9:00 2- At sunrise 3- At ten thirty-five 4- At noon 5- At 6 o’clock 6- At midnight Don’t use ‘on’ before “this”, “last” or “next” and a day of the week. 1- The school reopened last Tuesday. ( NOT on last Tuesday )
Prepositions of place
Prepositions of place Use on with the names of streets and specific physical locations. 1- On main street 2- On the street 3- On Smith Avenue 4- On the right 5- On the corner 6- On the left Use in with the names of cities, countries, continent, and other large locations. 1- In the neighborhood 2- In Thailand 3- In the center of town 4- In Africa 5- In Caracas 6- In the ocean Use at for buildings and addresses. 1- At the theater 2- At the train station 3- At the supermarket 4- At 10 main street 5- At the bank 6- At 365 Smith Avenue
Continent
con‧ti‧nent 1 / ˈkɒntənənt, ˈkɒntɪnənt $ ˈkɑːn- / noun [ countable ]
@ a large mass of land surrounded by sea :
1- the continents of Asia and Africa
continent 2 adjective
@ medical able to control your bowel s and bladder OPP incontinent
@2 old-fashioned able to control your sexual desires
Bowel: روده ،شکم ،اندرون
Bladder : مثانه
Desire: شهوت ،ميل داشتن ،ارزو کردن ،ميل ،ارزو،کام ،خواستن ،خواسته
اقليم ،قاره ،پرهيزکار،خوددار
Take place
@ take place
to happen, especially after being planned or arranged :
1. The next meeting will take place on Thursday.
2. Talks between the two sides are still taking place.
3. Major changes are taking place in society.
SYN: happen, occur
رخ دادن ،واقع شدن
Booth
booth / buːð $ buːθ / noun [ countable ]
@ a small partly enclosed place where one person can do something privately, such as use the telephone or vote :
1. a voting booth
@ a partly enclosed place in a restaurant, with a table between two long seats
Partly: چندى ،يک چند،تاحدى ،نسبتا،دريک جزء،تايک اندازه
اطاقک ،پاسگاه يا دکه موقتى ،غرفه ،جاى ويژه
Above
a‧bove 1 S2 W1 / əˈbʌv / adverb , preposition
@ in a higher position than something else SYN over OPP below :
1. Our office is above the hairdresser’s.
2. He had a bruise just above his left eye.
3. I heard a strange noise coming from the room above.
Impact
im‧pact 1 S3 W2 AC / ˈɪmpækt / noun
@ [ countable ] the effect or influence that an event, situation etc has on someone or something
impact on/upon
1. We need to assess the impact on climate change.
Influence:
نفوذ کردن بر ،تاثير کردن بر،
Assess:
ارزيابى کردن ، تعيين كردن ، شناسايي كردن
► Do not say ‘cause an impact’ on something. Say have an impact on something.
THESAURUS
effect , influence
Tremendous
tre‧men‧dous S2 / trɪˈmendəs / adjective
@ very big, fast, powerful etc :
1. She was making a tremendous effort to appear calm.
2. She praised her husband for the tremendous support he had given her.
3. Sales have been tremendous so far this year.
4. This plan could save us a tremendous amount of money.
2 excellent :
1. She’s got a tremendous voice, hasn’t she?
THESAURUS
very big
huge/massive/enormous.
great
Effort:
تقلا،تلاش ،کوشش ،سعى
Intellectual
in‧tel‧lec‧tu·al 1 W3 / ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl◂, ˌɪntɪˈlektʃuəl◂ / adjective
@ relating to the ability to understand things and think intelligently → mental
intellectual development/ability/activity etc
1. A job that requires considerable intellectual effort
@ an intellectual person is well-educated and interested in serious ideas and subjects such as science, literature etc → academic :
2. Mark’s very intellectual.
Considerable:
شايان ،قابل توجه ،مهم
Investigation
in‧ves‧ti‧ga‧tion W2 AC / ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃ ə n / noun
@ [ countable ] an official attempt to find out the truth about or the cause of something such as a crime, accident, or scientific problem :
1. The investigation continued for nearly three years.
THESAURUS
inquiry , probe
تجسس ،جستجو،جستار،بازجويى ،بررسى ،تحقيق ،رسيدگى
psychological
psy‧cho‧log‧i‧cal W3 AC / ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪk ə l◂ $ -ˈlɑː- / adjective
@ relating to the way that your mind works and the way that this affects your behaviour SYN mental :
1. Sleep disorders are a serious psychological problem .
2. Freud’s psychological theories
@ relating to what is in someone’s mind rather than what is real :
1. Max says he’s ill, but I’m sure it’s psychological.
Disorder : بى نظمى ،اختلال ،بى ترتيبى ،اشفتگى ،کسالت ،برهم زدن ،مختل کردن
عمليات روانى ،مربوط به روانشناسى ،روانى
روانشناسى : روانشناختى
Novel
nov‧el 1 W3 / ˈnɒv ə l $ ˈnɑː- / noun [ countable ]
@ a long written story in which the characters and events are usually imaginary → fiction :
1. a novel by Jane Austen
2. It took Vikram Seth three years to write his 1,349-page novel ‘A Suitable Boy’.
detective/romantic/historical etc novel
1. a newly published science fiction novel
Fiction: تصور،افسانه ،قصه ،داستان
Science fiction: داستان تخيلى علمى ،افسانه علمى
Novel: رمان ،کتاب داستان
Untouchable
un‧touch‧a‧ble / ʌnˈtʌtʃəb ə l / adjective
@ someone who is untouchable is in such a strong position that they cannot be defeated, affected, or punished :
1. He was the boss’s husband and therefore untouchable.
Defeated: شکست دادن ،مغلوب ساختن ،شکست
Brilliant
bril‧liant S2 W3 / ˈbrɪljənt / adjective
@ bright
brilliant light or colour is very bright and strong :
1. She closed her eyes against the brilliant light .
2. We sat outside in the brilliant sunshine .
3. She was dressed in brilliant white.
@ clever extremely clever or skilful : 1. I think that’s a brilliant idea. 2. a brilliant performance 3. a brilliant young musician
@ excellent
(British English) excellent:
1-The film was absolutely brilliant.
@ successful
very successful:
1. The project was a brilliant success.
Against: دربرابر،درمقابل ، برضد،مخالف ،عليه
Skilful: ماهر،استاد،با مهارت،استادانه،ماهرانه
Brilliant: تابان ،مشعشع ،زيرک ،بااستعداد،برليان ،الماس درخشان
Exquisite
ex‧qui‧site / ɪkˈskwɪzət, ɪkˈskwɪzɪt, ˈekskwɪ- / adjective
@ Extremely beautiful and very delicately made:
1. the most exquisite craftsmanship
@ Very sensitive and delicate in the way you behave or do things :
2. She has exquisite taste in art.
Delicate: ظريف ، خوشمزه ، لطيف ، نازک بين ، حساس
Craftsmanship: ، استادکارى پيشه وري
Exquisite: نفيس ،بديع ،عالى ،دلپسند،مطبوع ،حساس ،دقيق ،شديد
Interaction
in‧ter‧ac‧tion W3 AC / ˌɪntərˈækʃ ə n / noun [ uncountable and countable ]
@ a process by which two or more things affect each other
interaction of
1. Price is determined through the interaction of demand and supply.
interaction with/between
2. the complex interaction between mind and body
Determine: تصميم گرفتن ،مصمم شدن ،حکم دادن ،تعيين کردن
Interaction: برهم کنش ،ميانکش ،عمل متقابل ،کنش متقابل ،تفاعل ،اثر متقابل ،فعل و انفعال
Ensemble
en‧sem‧ble / ɒnˈsɒmb ə l $ ɑːnˈsɑːm- / noun
@ [ countable also + plural verb ] British English a small group of musicians, actors, or dancers who perform together regularly
instrumental/string/brass etc ensemble
ensemble of
1. an ensemble of Mexican artistes
يکمرتبه ،مجموع ،اثرکلى ،بطورجمعى ،دسته جمعى
Indigenous
in‧di‧ge‧nous / ɪnˈdɪdʒ ə nəs / adjective formal
@ indigenous people or things have always been in the place where they are, rather than being brought there from somewhere else SYN native
indigenous to
1. Blueberries are indigenous to America.
2. the many indigenous cultures which existed in Siberia
بومى ،طبيعى ،ذاتى ،مکنون
Sculpture
sculp‧ture / ˈskʌlptʃə $ -ər / noun
@ [ uncountable and countable ] an object made out of stone, wood, clay etc by an artist
sculpture of
a sculpture of an elephant
an exhibition of sculpture
@[ uncountable ] the art of making objects out of stone, wood, clay etc
Clay: خاک زدن ،خاک رست( رس)،خاک رس ،رس ،گل ،خاک کوزه گرى ،سفال
Elephant: پيل ،فيل
Sculpture: پيکرسازى ،پيکرتراشى ،مجسمه سازى ،پيکر تراشى ،سنگتراشى کردن
Pavilion
pa‧vil‧ion / pəˈvɪljən / noun [ countable ]
@ a temporary building or tent which is used for public entertainment or exhibitions and is often large with a lot of space and light :
1. the German pavilion at the World Trade Fair
@ American English a very large building with big open areas used for sports and other public events :
2. victory before a home crowd at Maples Pavilion
Tent: چادر،خيمه زدن ،توجه کردن ،اموختن ،نوعى شراب شيرين اسپانيولى
Prefer
pre‧fer S2 W2 / prɪˈfɜː $ -ˈfɜːr / verb [ transitive not in progressive ]
@ to like someone or something more than someone or something else, so that you would choose it if you could → preference :
1. She prefers her coffee black.
2. the government’s preferred option
prefer somebody/something to somebody/something
1. a child that prefers his imaginary world to reality
2. Employees said they would prefer more flexible working hours.
Option: خيارات( در جمع)،حق انتخاب ،اختيار خريد يا فروش ،گزينه ،انتخاب ،خصيصه اختيارى ،ازادى ،اظهار ميل
Prefer: طرح کردن ،ترجيح يافتن ،ترجيح دادن ،برترى دادن ،رجحان دادن ،برگزيدن
