Top-down/botton-up Solutions

Question 1

Advantages of top-down development?

Answer 1

• capital investment
• help fund projects
• investment creates jobs
• large infrastructure projects become viable
• success can enhance country’s reputation

Question 2

Disadvantages of top-down development?

Answer 2

• frequently unsuccessful
• local people don’t drive process
• often focused on developing countries
• often based on power provision
• uneven benefits
• can’t address national/regional problems

Question 3

T-D scale:

Answer 3

Expensive and large scale

Question 4

T-D aim

Answer 4

Focused on significant infrastructure (roads, railways, power)

Question 5

T-D funding

Answer 5

Financed by loans from banks and considerable capital investment

Question 6

T-D technology

Answer 6

High technology could be used

Question 8

T-D players involved

Answer 8

• local people
• businesses involved
• investors
• government
• tourists

Question 9

Advantages of bottom-up development

Answer 9

• local people have a say, can drive decision
• makes use of local skills/expertise
• less dependence on outside agencies
• cheap to run
• easy to maintain
• minimal impact to surrounding environment
• less time spent
• little to none pollution created

Question 10

Disadvantages of bottom-up development:

Answer 10

• can’t implement on large scale
• investors may not make money(no interest)
• requires certain conditions/space

Question 11

B-U scale

Answer 11

Small scale, cheap to run

Question 12

B-U aim

Answer 12

• improved water quality

- local people have ownership

Question 13

B-U funding

Answer 13

Run by NGO’s (non-governmental organisation) or charities

Question 14

B-U technology

Answer 14

Low tech solutions using local materials, people, expertise

Question 15

B-U players involved

Answer 15

• charities/NGO’s (non-governmental organisation)
• TNC’s
• local people