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NUR 221 > Top 50 most common meds > Flashcards

Top 50 most common meds Flashcards

1
Q

Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Rosuvastatin

A

lipid-lowering agents - contraindicated in active liver disease or unexplained persistent elevations in AST and ALT - side effects include GI issues and RHABDOMYOLYSIS - have pt notify HCP if muscle tenderness/weakness occurs

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2
Q

Levothyroxine

A

thyroid supplementation in hypothyroidism - Assess apical pulse and BP prior to and periodically during therapy - monitor and educate pt on signs of hyperthyroidism that are present when dose is at toxic levels - take med at the same time each morning

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3
Q

Lisinopril

A

ace inhibitor/ antihypertensive - monitor for dizziness, hypotension, and angioedema - Caution patient to avoid salt substitutes containing potassium or foods containing high levels of potassium or sodium unless

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4
Q

Omeprazole, pantoprazole

A

antiulcer agent/ proton pump inhibitors - monitor for abdominal pain and bowel functions - education pt to avoid alcohol, NSAIDs, st Johns wart, and to report changes in bowel habits

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5
Q

Metformin

A

Decreases hepatic glucose production, absorption, and increases sensitivity to insulin - contraindicated if pt has acidosis or hepatic impairment - SE: Gi issues and a metallic taste in mouth - monitor for acidosis and hypoglycemia

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6
Q

Amlodipine

A

antihypertensives/calcium channel blockers - contraindicated if systolic BP <90 - SE: edema, flushing, dizziness, fatigue - assess BP and HR pre adm

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7
Q

Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen

A

opioid agonists nonopioid analgesic combinations - SE: decreased RR, confusion, dizziness, hypotension, dry mouth - assess HR, BP, RR, and GI function pre adm and throughout

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8
Q

Carvedilol, Metoprolol, Atenolol

A

antihypertensives/beta blockers/antianginia - tx angina/ischemia - SE: bradycardia, hypotension, HF, dizziness, fatigue - assess apical pulse before therapy - if HR <55 decrease dose - If heart rate <40 bpm, especially if cardiac output is also decreased, administer atropine 0.25–0.5 mg IV

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9
Q

Losartan

A

antihypertensives/ angiotensin II receptor antagonists - decreases risk of strokes and helps w diabetic neuropathy - assess for angioedema - educate pt to monitor for dizziness and edema in face or tongue and to avoid potassium/sodium rich foods

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10
Q

Azithromycin

A

anti-infectives - SE: Gi issues, tordas de pointes - get vitals and cultures pre adm - assess for rash (Steven Johnson syndrome) during tx - educate pt to not take azithromycin with food, prevent photo sensitivity, notify HCP if fever and diarrhea occurs or chest pain occurs

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11
Q

Furosemide

A

loop diuretic - decreases edema, BP and excretes K, Mg, Ca - monitor for metabolic alkalosis and dehydration - assess daily weight, I&O, and fluid status - Get BP and HR pre adm - teach pt to include K in the diet

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12
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

thiazide diuretics - sulfa-based medication - helps to decrease hypertension - Monitor BP, intake, output, and daily weight and assess feet, legs, and sacral area for edema daily - at risk for hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia

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13
Q

Zolpidem

A

sedative/hypnotics - Assess mental status, sleep patterns, and potential for abuse prior to administration. Prolonged use of >7–10 days may lead to physical and psychological dependence - educate pt to avoid CNS depressants

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14
Q

Prednisone, Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)

A

anti-inflammatories (steroidal) (intermediate acting)
immune modifiers - contraindicated in pts with an active infection - SE: depression, peptic ulcers, decreased wound healing, thromboembolism, osteoporosis - Assess patient for signs of adrenal insufficiency, assess for new infections or changes in RR, and hyperglycemia - educate pt to avoid sick people and vaccinations and to report GI disturbances - Aspirin and other over-the-counter medications should not be taken - administer before 9 a.m

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15
Q

Sertraline

A

SSRI/antidepressants - SE: dry mouth, photo sensitivity, dizziness, chest pain, insomnia - Assess for suicidal tendencies, especially during early therapy, Assess for serotonin syndrome - educate pt to avoid CNS depressants and st John’s wart

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16
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Decreased symptoms of prostatic hyperplasia and decreases contractility of smooth muscles - assess for BPH pre and during therapy, monitor weight - may cause dizziness

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17
Q

Fluticasone

A

anti-inflammatories (steroidal)/corticosteroids - Decreases frequency and severity of asthma attacks - Monitor lung sounds and RR

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18
Q

Amoxicillin

A

anti-infectives - monitor for diarrhea and rash - assess vitals and get cultures pre adm - Instruct female patients taking oral contraceptives to use an alternate or additional nonhormonal method of contraception during therapy with amoxicillin

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19
Q

Gabapentin

A

analgesic adjuncts, therapeutic/anticonvulsants/mood stabilizers - tx neuropathic pain - SE: ataxia, depression, confusion, drowsiness - monitor for changes in behavior - Advise patient not to take gabapentin within 2 hr of an antacid

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20
Q

Tramadol

A

analgesic - SE: seizures, dizziness, headache, somnolence, constipation, serotonin syndrome - assess pain, BP, RR, and bowel function before and during therapy - monitor for seizures especially when taking antidepressants

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21
Q

Montelukast

A

allergy, cold and cough remedies/bronchodilators - assess respiratory function before and during therapy - Instruct patient to take medication daily in the evening or at least 2 hr before exercise even with no symptoms of asthma - pt should still carry rapid acting bronchodilator

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22
Q

Escitalopram

A

SSRI/ antidepressant - can cause insomnia or diarrhea - monitor for mood changes

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23
Q

Alprazolam

A

antianxiety agents/benzodiazepines - Assess degree and manifestations of anxiety and mental status, Assess CNS effects and risk of falls - Flumazenil is the antidote for alprazolam toxicity - Advise patient to avoid drinking grapefruit juice during therapy and CNS depressants

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24
Q

Warfarin

A

anticoagulants - Assess for signs of bleeding and hemorrhage (bleeding gums; nosebleed; unusual bruising; tarry, black stools; hematuria; fall in hematocrit or BP; guaiac-positive stools, urine, or nasogastric aspirate) - vitamin K is antidote - Advise patient to avoid cranberry - monitor pt and INR

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25
Meloxicam
NSAID/nonopioid analgesics. - Relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis- Assess for rash periodically during therapy and discontinue if pt has bad adverse reactions - Advise patient to take this medication with a full glass of water and to remain in an upright position for 15–30 min after administration
26
Clopidogrel 
antiplatelet agents - monitor for bleeding, skin rashes, and thrombocytopenia - Advise patient to notify HCP if signs and symptoms of bleeding or bruising occur -
27
Allopurinol 
antigout agents/antihyperuricemics - decreases production of uric acid - Discontinue allopurinol immediately if rash occurs
28
Bupropion
antidepressant - SE: dry mouth, nausea, tremor, change in behavior, photosensitivity - Assess mental status and mood changes in all patients
29
Citalopram
antidepressant/SSRI - Monitor mood changes - Monitor electrolytes (potassium and magnesium) in patients at risk for electrolyte imbalances - advice pt to avoid CNS depressants and st Johns wart - SE: cardio abnormalities, photosensitivity, dry mouth
30
Amoxicillin/Potassium Clavulanate ER 
anti-infective -hight fat meals decrease the absorption of clavulanate - most antibiotics put pt at risk for C. Diff. - monitor for diarrhea - Instruct female patients taking oral contraceptives to use an alternate birth control
31
Tadalafil (Cialis)
erectile dysfunction agents/vasodilators - contraindicated with concurrent use of nitrates - Assess for symptoms of prostatic hyperplasia before and during therapy - take tadalafil as needed for ED at least 30 before sex - alcohol can cause hypotension - teach pts about symptoms of hypotension - notify HCP if erection last > 4hr
32
Duloxetine, Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine
antidepressant/SSNRI - SE: dry mouth, GI issues, parathesia, visual disturbances - Monitor for decreased appetite - get daily weights and vitals - assess for rash and changes in mental status or behavior
33
Fenofibrate 
lipid-lowering agents - educate pt on low fat diet and exercise
34
Albuterol
bronchodilator - SE: nervousness, restlessness, tremor, - Instruct patient to prime unit with 4 sprays before using- may cause bad taste, rise mouth w water after use - allow 5 mins to pass after adm before giving other inhalers
35
Amphetamine/Dextroamphetamine
CNS stimulant - Adjunct management of ADHD and Narcolepsy - Monitor BP, pulse, and respiration before administering and periodically during therapy - Instruct patient to take medication at least 6 hr before bedtime to avoid sleep disturbances
36
Cyclobenzaprine 
skeletal muscle relaxants - Medication may cause drowsiness, dizziness, and blurred vision - monitor for abnormal HR
37
Trazodone
antidepressant - Monitor BP and pulse rate before and during initial therapy - dry mouth - monitor for behavioral or mental changes
38
Metoclopramide
Reglan - antiemetics - Treatment and prevention of postoperative nausea and chemo side effects - SE: drowsiness, extrapyramidal reactions, restlessness
39
Phenytoin
antiarrhythmics/anticonvulsants - Treatment/prevention of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures and complex partial seizures -SE: hypotension (↑ with IV phenytoin) - Contraindicated if pt has bradycardia or heart blocks - Discontinue phenytoin at the first sign of skin reactions to rash - monitor behavior
40
Mannitol
osmotic diuretics - Reduction of intracranial pressure or ocular pressure - Monitor vital signs, urine output, CVP, and pulmonary artery pressures (PAP) before and hourly throughout administration. - watch for electrolyte imbalances
41
Nitroprusside
antihypertensives/vasodilators - Rapid lowering of BP - Advise patient to report the onset of tinnitus, dyspnea, dizziness, headache, or blurred vision immediately.
42
Hydralizine
antihypertensives/vasodilators - Advise patient to notify health care professional immediately if general tiredness; fever; muscle or joint aching; chest pain; skin rash; sore throat; or numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness of hands and feet occurs. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) may be used to treat peripheral neuritis
43
Propofol
general anesthetics - SE: apnea, bradycardia, hypotension - Assess respiratory status, pulse, and BP continuously throughout propofol therapy - Maintain patent airway and adequate ventilation. Propofol should be used only by individuals experienced in endotracheal intubation, and equipment for this procedure should be readily available
44
Nimodipine
subarachnoid hemorrhage therapy agents/calcium channel blockers - Potent peripheral vasodilator- avoid grapefruit or grapefruit juice during therapy - Advise patient to notify HCP if rash, irregular heartbeats, dyspnea, swelling of hands and feet, dizziness, nausea, constipation, or hypotension occurs or if headache is severe or persistent
45
Papaverine
erectile dysfunction agents/vasodilators - Management of cerebral and peripheral ischemia, usually associated with arterial spasm - monitor ECG, BP, HR - Withhold dose and notify physician if AV block is present
46
Dantrolene
skeletal muscle relaxants - Monitor liver function frequently during therapy - Assess bowel function periodically for diarrhea
47
Vasopressin, Desmopressin
antidiuretic hormones/vasopressors - tx of DI - Advise patient to drink 1–2 glasses of water at time of administration to minimize side effects (blanching of skin, abdominal cramps, nausea)
48
Indomethacin
antirheumatics/NSAID - tx ductus arteriosus patency - Advise patient to take this medication with a full glass of water and to remain in an upright position for 15–30 min after administration - photosensitivity
49
Alprostadil (Prostaglandin E)
Temporary maintenance of patent ductus arteriosus in neonates who depend on patency until surgery can be performed.
50
Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
(Isoniazid) can cause peripheral neuritis - (Rifampin) - Inform patient that body fluids may become reddish and that soft contact lenses may become permanently discolored - use an alternative form of contraception -(Pyrazinamide) photosensitive - (Ethambutol) monitor for visual disturbances
51
Finasteride, Dutasteride
androgen inhibitors - Management of the symptoms of BPH in men with an enlarged prostate gland - increases risk of prostate cancer
52
Fluorouracil, Methotrexate
Antimetabolites - Both drugs are used for leukemias, brain tumors, ovarian, breast, prostatic, testicular cancers - Administer antiemetics, teach to wear sunscreen, toxic to liver & kidney, observe for stomatitis, proctitis, dermatitis, bone marrow depression
53
Rapin Acting Insulin (Humalog) (Lispro)
Onset: within 15mins Peak: 1-2hr Duration: 3-4hr
54
Intermediate Insulin (NPH or Humulin)
Onset: 2-4hr Peak: 4-10hr Duration: 10-16hr
55
Promethazine
must be given deep IM or diluted & given very slowly IV.
56
Calcitonin
hypocalcemics - Inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption and promotes renal excretion of calcium
57
Raloxifene
bone resorption inhibitors - tx and prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women - Reduction of the risk of breast cancer - increases the risk of thrombi - Instruct patient to notify health care professional immediately if leg pain or a feeling of warmth in the lower leg
58
Denosumab
bone resorption inhibitors - monitor for hypersensitive reactions and hypocalcemia
59
Propyithiouracil, Methamazole
antithyroid agents - control of hyperthyroidism - Monitor response of symptoms of hyperthyroidism and for hypothyroidism - Agranulocytosis may develop rapidly and usually occurs during first 2 mo - monitor weight
60
Tiotropuim
bronchodilators -long acting - Advise patient that rinsing mouth after using inhaler prevents dry mouth
61
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
bronchodilator/allergy/cold med - Assess respiratory status before administration and at peak of medication - Assess for allergy to atropine and belladonna alkaloids
62
Cromolyn
antiasthmatics/allergy remedies - long term control of asthma
63
Carbidopa/Levodopa
antiparkinson agents/dopamine antagonist - Monitor for signs and symptoms of GI complications - Assess parkinsonian symptoms and BP/HR - assess for toxicity exhibited by facial grimacing, muscle twitching, or behavior changes - gastric irritation may be decreased by eating food shortly after taking medications but that high-protein meals may impair levodopa's effects
64
Benztropine (Cogentin)
antiparkinson agents/anticholinergics - tx of drug-induced extrapyramidal effects and acute dystonic reactions - Advise patient to avoid taking antacids or antidiarrheals within 1–2 hr of this medication
65
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
allergy, cold and cough remedies/antihistamines - Relief of acute dystonic reactions or pruritus - Determine why the medication was ordered and assess symptoms that apply to the individual patient - SE: photosensitivity, dry mouth, drowsiness
66
Digoxin
antiarrhythmics - tx of HF, A fib and atrial flutter - Monitor apical pulse for 1 full min before administering. Withhold dose and notify health care professional if pulse rate is <60 bpm in an adult - Therapeutic serum digoxin levels range from 0.5–2 ng/mL - symptoms of toxicity usually include abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, visual disturbances, bradycardia, diarrhea and other arrhythmias - Advise patient to avoid taking antacids or antidiarrheals within 2 hr of digoxin and signs of toxicity can resemble flu symptoms
67
Amioderone
antiarrhythmics - Slows the sinus rate - monitor for abnormal ECG and visual changes - avoid drinking grapefruit juice - SE: photosensitivity
68
Atropine
antiarrhythmics/anticholinergics - increases HR and drys secretions - physostigmine is the antidote - monitor ECG, vitals and I&O - can cause urinary retention
69
Lidocaine
anesthetics (topical/local) or antiarrhythmics - tx of ventricular arrhythmias - Signs and symptoms of toxicity include confusion, excitation, blurred or double vision, nausea, vomiting, ringing in ears, tremors, twitching, seizures, difficulty breathing, severe dizziness or fainting, and unusually slow heart rate
70
Nitroglycerine
antianginals - Reduction of BP, dilates vessels, and reduces myocardial oxygen consumption
71
Adenosine
antiarrhythmics - Conversion of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) to normal sinus rhythm when vagal maneuvers are unsuccessful - 6 mg by rapid IV bolus followed by saline bolus
72
Magnesium Sulfate
Preterm labor/enclampsia - Treatment of torsade de pointes - Monitor pulse, BP, respirations, and ECG frequently throughout administration of parenteral magnesium sulfate. - monitor I&O - Adverse effects include flushing, depressed respirations, depressed deep tendon reflexes, hypotension, extreme muscle weakness, decreased urine output, pulmonary edema, and elevated serum magnesium levels
73
Haloperidol, fluphenazine, chlorpromazine
antipsychotics - monitor for EPS and blurry vision - akathisia (restlessness or desire to keep moving) - dystonia (continuous spasms and muscle contractions) - tardive dyskinesia (irregular, jerky movements) - 1st Gen
74
Risperidone, Olanzapine, Quetiapine
antipsychotics/mood stabilizers - 2nd Gen
75
Valproates (Depakote) or divalproex
anticonvulsants/vascular headache suppressants - Decreases manic episodes - Institute seizure precautions - monitor for changes in behavior or in GI
76
Lamotrigrine
anticonvulsants - tx of seizures and bipolar episodes - Discontinue lamotrigine at first sign of rash - wear sunscreen or protective clothing in sunlight
77
carbamazepine (Tegretol)
anticonvulsants/mood stabilizers - Advise patient to avoid grapefruit - Instruct patient to report behavioral changes or skin rash
78
Lithium
mood stabilizers - Therapeutic levels range from 0.5–1.5 mEq/L - Assess patient for signs and symptoms of lithium toxicity (vomiting, diarrhea, slurred speech, lightheadedness, decreased coordination, drowsiness, muscle weakness, tremor, or twitching) - Advise patient to drink 2000–3000 mL fluid each day and eat a diet with consistent and moderate sodium intake
79
Clomiphene
ovulation inducer - increases risk of ovarian cyst - patient should be informed of the potential for multiple births - Advise patient to notify health care professional promptly if bloating, stomach or pelvic pain, or blurred vision occurs
80
Calcium Acetate
Control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease - Monitor serum phosphate levels - Phoslo - Advise patient to avoid taking calcium-containing supplements
81
sodium polystyrene sulfonate
Kalexate - Monitor response of symptoms of hyperkalemia (fatigue, muscle weakness, paresthesia, confusion, dyspnea, peaked T waves, and cardiac arrhythmias). Assess for development of hypokalemia (weakness, fatigue, arrhythmias, flat or inverted T waves, prominent U waves) - D/C if pt has constipation
82
Spironolactone
potassium-sparing diuretics - Treatment of hypokalemia, HF, chirrosis, Cushing's and hypertension - monitor I&O and BP - assess for hyperkalemia and D/C if rashes present
83
Lactulose
laxative - decreases blood ammonia levels - educate pt on diet that increases bowel motility
84
Loperamide
antidiarrheals - tx of chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease
85
Bleomycin
antitumor - Cardiac toxicity, monitor for early signs of CHF, alopecia, N/V, and anorexia, bone marrow suppression (BMS).
86
Promethazine
antiemetics/antihistamines/sedative - must be given deep IM or diluted & given very slowly IV (Phenergan)
87
Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Adriamycin
anti tumor - Cardiac toxicity, monitor for early signs of CHF, alopecia, N/V, and anorexia, bone marrow suppression (BMS). Both Daunorubicin & Doxorubicin are vesicants - cardiomyopathy manifested as heart failure (lung crackles) is an adverse effect of daunorubicin
88
Irinotecan, Topotecan
antineoplastics - Potentially life-threatening diarrhea may occur - Can cause myelosupression, moderate N/V, diarrhea - Used after failure of initial tx of ovarian, small-cell lung, and colorectal cancers
89
Isotretinoin
can elevate triglyceride levels
90
Isotretinoin
can elevate triglyceride levels - vitamin A supplements should be discontinued before isotretinoin therapy
91
Azelaic acid
topical medication used to treat mild to moderate acne. Adverse effects include burning, itching, stinging, redness of the skin, and hypopigmentation of the skin in clients with a dark complexion
92
Repaglinide
a rapid-acting oral hypoglycemic agent that stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion, should be taken before meals (approximately 30 minutes before meals) and should be withheld if the client does not eat. Hypoglycemia is a side effect of repaglinide and the client should always be prepared by carrying a simple sugar at all times
93
methimazole
tx of hyperthyroidism - administer w food
94
anti fungal meds are ________
hepatotoxic

NUR 221 (2 decks)

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