top 300 drugs Flashcards

Question

Adalimumab (Humira, Amjevita, Cyltezo) contraindications

Answer 1

[BBW] Increased risk for serious infections Discontinue for serious infection/sepsis [BBW] Lymphoma and other malignancies in children and adolescents receiving TNF-blockers [BBW]Active TB, including reactivation of latent TB. Evaluate patients for TB risk factors and latent TB (with a skin test) prior to and during therapy

Answer 2

Fosamax, Binosto

Answer 3

anti rheumatic, TNF blocker

Answer 4

1-2 puffs q4-6h prn

Answer 5

monotherapy without concurrent use of a long-term controller meds should only be reserved for pts with mild, intermittent forms of asthma without the presence of risk factors

Answer 6

beta 2 agonists, short acting (SABA)

Answer 7

5mg qd or 35mg q wk

Answer 8

10mg qd or 70mg q wk

Answer 9

Esophageal abnormalities or high risk for adverse esophageal effects Hypocalcemia Inability to sit or stand upright for at least 30 minutes Atypical femur fractures

Answer 10

100-300mg q d (800mg max/day in divided doses)

Answer 11

Bisphosphonate

Answer 12

before presc: HLA-B*58:01 allele test in pts at elevated risk for developing severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR): 1-Korean patients with CKD ≥ stage 3 2- all pts of Han Chinese or Thai descent

Answer 13

200-400mg/m2/day in single dose

Answer 14

antigout, xanthine oxidase inhibitor

Answer 15

0.25-0.5mg 3x/day (max 4mg/day)

Answer 16

0.5-1mg qd titrate dose every 3 to 4 days in increments ≤1 mg/day (range: 3 to 6 mg/day)

Answer 17

Benzodiazepines--> anterograde amnesia [BBW]: benzodiazepines with opioids --> profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death

Answer 18

200-1600mg/day in 1-2 divided doses

Answer 19

Benzodiazepine

Answer 20

Hypersensitivity to iodine [BBW]: Hepatotoxicity. Obtain baseline and periodic liver transaminases and d/c or reduce dose if the increase > 3 times normal or doubles in a patient with an elevated baseline [BBW]: exacerbate arrhythmias initiate therapy in a clinical setting where continuous ECGs and cardiac resuscitation are available [BBW]: Only indicated for patients with life-threatening arrhythmias because of risk of substantial toxicity. Alternative therapies should be tried first [BBW]: Pulmonary toxicity. Prior to initiation, obtain a baseline chest X-ray and pulmonary function tests, including diffusion capacity. Repeat every 3 to 6 months.

Answer 21

Amitriptyline

Answer 22

150-300mg infused over 10min

Answer 23

Class III antiarrhythmic

Answer 24

Antidepressant, TCA

Answer 25

Depression: 25-50 mg qd at bedtime or in divided doses can gradually increase to 100-300 mg daily

Answer 26

[BBW]: Antidepressants--> increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults (18 to 24 years of age) with major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders Abrupt discontinuation or interruption of antidepressant therapy has been associated with a discontinuation syndrome Use with caution in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease; the risk of conduction abnormalities with this agent is high relative to other antidepressants Use with caution in patients at risk of seizures, including those with a history of seizures, head trauma, brain damage, alcoholism, or concurrent therapy with medications which may lower seizure threshold

Answer 27

antihypertensive, CCB

Answer 28

PO: 2.5-10mg qd

Answer 29

SEs: peripheral edema within 2-3 wks of tx

Answer 30

Amoxicillin

Answer 31

antibiotic, PCN

Answer 32

PO: 500mg-1g q 8-12h

Answer 33

avoid in pts with infectious mononucleosis --> erythematous rash during Amoxicillin tx

Answer 34

antibiotic, PCN

Answer 35

PO: 500mg q 8-12h or 875mg q 12h

Answer 36

PO:2g q 12h

Answer 37

diff content of clavulanic acid --> not all formulations are interchangeable if use inappropriate product --> diarrhea, subtherapeutic clavulanic acid conc. --> decreased clinical efficacy Some products contain phenylalanine

Answer 38

``` hepatic renal (avoid ER) ```

Answer 39

antibiotic, PCN

Answer 40

2:1 ratio | 1-2g Ampicillin: 1.5-3g Unasyn q6h

Answer 41

hepatotoxicity

Answer 42

Antineoplastic, aromatase inhibitor

Answer 43

PO: 1mg qd

Answer 44

hypercholesterolemia --> monitor LDL decreased bone mineral density (BMD)

Answer 45

Anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor (oral)

Answer 46

``` nonvalvular a fib: PO: 5mg BID UNLESS patient has 2 of the following: - age ≥80 years -wt ≤60 kg -Scr ≥1.5 mg/dL then reduce dose to 2.5 mg BID ```

Answer 47

[BBW]: Premature d/c of any oral anticoagulant + NO alternative anticoagulation--> increase the risk of thrombotic events [BBW]: Spinal or epidural hematomas --> long-term or permanent paralysis if pt with neuraxial anesthesia (epidural or spinal anesthesia) or spinal/epidural puncture

Answer 48

``` renal Child-Pugh class C (hepatic) ```

Answer 49

Ability Maintena

Answer 50

Antipsychotic, atypical (2nd generation)

Answer 51

[BBW]: Antidepressants increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents, and young adults (18-24 years of age) with major depressive disorder and other psychiatric disorders [BBW]: Elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis treated with antipsychotics are at an increased risk of death compared to placebo

Answer 52

10-15mg qd (max 30mg/day)

Answer 53

400mg q month (doses should be separated by ≥26 days)

Answer 54

analgesic, Salicylate, anti-platelet

Answer 55

initial: 162-325mg maintenance: 81-325mg qd

Answer 56

IR: 325-650mg prn q4h (max 4g/day) (((higher dose)))

Answer 57

Patients with: - asthma - rhinitis - nasal polyps Do not use in children or teenagers for viral infections with or without fever --> Reye Syndrome

Answer 58

renal | hepatic

Answer 59

antihypertensive, BB, selective

Answer 60

25-100mg qd

Answer 61

Severe sinus bradycardia Uncompensated CHF BB tx should not be withdrawn abruptly

Answer 62

NorEpi reuptake inhibitor, attention deficit disorder

Answer 63

40-80mg qd (max100mg/day)

Answer 64

serious CV events including: - sudden death in children and adolescents - Stroke and MI in adults w/ heart problems

Answer 65

antihistamine, histamine H1 antagonist

Answer 66

1-2 sprays BID in each nostril or 2 sprays QD

Answer 67

May cause CNS depression, which may impair physical or mental abilities; (patients must be cautioned about performing tasks that require mental alertness)

Answer 68

antilipemic, HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor (statin)

Answer 69

10-80mg QD

Answer 70

pregnancy (cause a statin) | Muscle weakness, myopathy

Answer 71

macrolide antibiotic

Answer 72

CAP 500mg IV for at least 3 days then 500mg PO to complete 7-10 days tx

Answer 73

CAP 500mg on day 1 then 250mg QD x4d

Answer 74

QT prolongation

Answer 75

Gablofen, Lioresal

Answer 76

skeletal muscle relaxant

Answer 77

5mg 3x QD then 10mg 3x QD until optimum response (range 40-80mg QD)

Answer 78

50mcg Q4-8h | max 100mcg/24h

Answer 79

[BBW] Abrupt withdrawal of intrathecal baclofen --> sequelae, multiple organ-system failure, and death.

Answer 80

antihypertensive, CHF, ACE-I

Answer 81

5-40mg QD or BID

Answer 82

hx of angioedema | pregnancy (ACE-I)

Answer 83

Tessalon Perles

Answer 84

Antitussive

Answer 85

100-200mg 3x/d (max 600mg)

Answer 86

Lumigan, Latisse

Answer 87

Antiglaucoma, prostaglandin

Answer 88

1 drop into the affected eye(s) Q evening

Answer 89

May permanently change/increase brown pigmentation of the iris, the eyelid skin, periorbital tissue, and eyelashes Remove contact lenses prior to administration and wait 15 minutes before reapplying

Answer 90

laxative, stimulant

Answer 91

PO: 5-15mg QD PRN

Answer 92

Rectal: 10mg QD PRN

Answer 93

Bisoprolol

Answer 94

antihypertensive, CHF, BB 1 selective

Answer 95

PO 2.5-5mg (max 20mg/d)

Answer 96

Cardiogenic shock, cardiac failure, or first degree heart block, sinus bradycardia BB tx should not be withdrawn abruptly

Answer 97

renal | hepatic

Answer 98

Lumify, Alphagan P

Answer 99

antiglaucoma, alpha2 agonist

Answer 100

1 drop in affected eyes Q8h (max4x/d)

Answer 101

Bacterial keratitis: Inadvertent contamination of multiple-dose ophthalmic solutions CNS depression

Answer 102

corticosteroid

Answer 103

Nasal: 1 spray (32mcg) | or 2 sprays in each nostril QD

Answer 104

360-720mcg BID

Answer 105

May cause hypercortisolism or suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly in younger children or in patients receiving high doses for prolonged periods

Answer 106

inhaled corticosteroid/ beta 2 agonist

Answer 107

1-2 inhalations BID

Answer 108

Adrenal suppression | oropharyngeal Candida infections

Answer 109

Wellbutrin XL, Forfivo XL, Aplenzin (hydrobromide salt)

Answer 110

Antidepressant, dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Answer 111

150mg QD (max 450mg QD) HCL salt conversions available for hydrobromide salt

Answer 112

[BBW]: Antidepressants increased the risk of suicidal thoughts and behavior May cause a dose-related risk of seizures. Use is contraindicated in patients with a history of seizures or certain conditions with high seizure risk

Answer 113

hepatic | renal

Answer 114

Suboxone, Bunavail, Zubsoly

Answer 115

opioid partial agonist/antagonist

Answer 116

initial: sublingual: Buprenorphine 2mg/ naloxone 0.5mg or Buprenorphine 4mg/ naloxone 1 mg may titrate dose

Answer 117

CNS and respiratory depression (opioid) Avoid for severe hepatic dysfunction

Answer 118

antianxiety agent (serotonergic)

Answer 119

10-15mg/day in 2-3 divided doses (max60mg/d)

Answer 120

Potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome when used in combination with: 1-other serotonergic agents (eg, triptans, TCAs, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, buspirone, St John's wort, tryptophan) 2-agents that impair metabolism of serotonin (eg, MAOIs used to tx psychiatric disorders [ie, linezolid and IV methylene blue])

Answer 121

renal | hepatic

Answer 122

Antidiabetic, SGLT2 inhibitor

Answer 123

PO 100mg prior 1st meal (max 300mg/d)

Answer 124

[BBW]: A ~2-fold increased risk of lower limb amputations pt with type 2 DM with CVD or at risk Lower limb infections, gangrene, and diabetic foot ulcers were the most common precipitating factors May increase the risk of genital mycotic infections Cases of necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum Serious urinary infections including urosepsis and pyelonephritis requiring hospitalization

Answer 125

Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol

Answer 126

anticonvulsant

Answer 127

initial 400 mg/d divided in 2 or 4 doses | titrated up to 800-1200 mg/d

Answer 128

70% of oral dose Q 6h for only 7 days

Answer 129

BBW: Dermatologic reactions, HLA-B*15:02 allele, aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis In chronic therapy, withdraw gradually over 2 to 6 months to minimize the potential of increased seizure frequency Hepatic enzyme autoinduction, monitor for dosing increases

Answer 130

Duopa, Rytary, Sinemet

Answer 131

Anti-parkinson agent, Decarboxylase inhibitor

Answer 132

IR: 25mg/100mg | or 10mg/100mg 3x/d

Answer 133

ER: 50mg/200mg BID (at least 6h apart)

Answer 134

Narrow angle glaucoma Dietary protein: Distribute dietary protein throughout the day to avoid fluctuations in levodopa absorption

Answer 135

skeletal muscle relaxant

Answer 136

250-350mg 3x/d QD and at bedtime

Answer 137

caution in pt with hx of drug abuse or acute alcoholism; potential for drug dependency exists. Tolerance, psychological and physical dependence to carisoprodol (and its metabolite, meprobamate) may occur with prolonged use Limit use to 2 to 3 weeks

Answer 138

antihypertensive/ CHF, BB

Answer 139

IR: 3.125-50mg BID

Answer 140

ER: 10-80mg QD

Answer 141

BB tx should not be withdrawn abruptly (particularly in patients with CAD), but gradually tapered to avoid acute tachycardia, hypertension, and/or ischemia