top 300 drugs Flashcards
Acetaminophen 300mg / Codeine 30mg
Tylenol #3
Acetaminophen 300mg / Codeine 30mg (tylenol#3) class
Analgesic/opioid
Acetaminophen 300mg / Codeine 30mg (tylenol#3) dose
1-2 tab q4-6h (max 4g APAP/day)
limit use for 5 days for acute pain
3 days for fever
Acetaminophen 300mg / Codeine 30mg (tylenol#3) contraindications
children undergoing tonsillectomy/ adenoidectomy
caution G6PD deficiency
causes hepatotoxicity
[BBW] Acetaminophen–> acute liver failure, at times resulting in liver transplant and death
Acetaminophen 300mg / Codeine 30mg (tylenol#3) dose adjustment
Hepatic (APAP)
renal (codeine)
Acetaminophen (APAP) oral
Tylenol
Acetaminophen (tylenol, Ofirmev) class
analgesic
Acetaminophen PO (tylenol) dose
650mg q 4-6h (max 4g/day APAP)
Acetaminophen (APAP) IV
Ofirmev
Acetaminophen IV (ofirmev) dose
<50 kg: 12.5 mg/kg q4h
or 15 mg/kg q6 hrs; (max single dose: 15 mg/kg/dose) ; (max daily dose: 75 mg/kg/day)
≥50 kg: 650 mg q 4h
or 1,000 mg q6 h; (max single dose: 1,000 mg/dose); (max daily dose: 4 g/day)
Acetaminophen Contraindications
caution with G6PD deficiency
causes hepatotoxicity
[BBW] Acetaminophen –> acute liver failure, at times resulting in liver transplant and death
acetaminophen dose adjustment
hepatic
Acyclovir
Zovirax
Adalimumab
Humira, Amjevita, Cyltezo
Acyclovir (zovirax) dose PO
Shingles
800mg 5 x/day for 7-10 days.
Initiate at earliest sign or symptom; most effective when initiated ≤72 hours after rash onset
Acyclovir (zovirax) dose IV
10-15 mg/kg/dose q8h for 10-14 days
Acyclovir (zovirax) contraindications
neurotoxicity esp with renal failure
Acyclovir (zovirax) dose adjustment
renal
Acyclovir (zovirax) class
antiviral
Albuterol Inhaler
Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir
Adalimumab (Humira, Amjevita, Cyltezo) ankylosing spondylitis dose
SC inj: 40mg q other wk
Adalimumab (Humira, Amjevita, Cyltezo) Crohn disease dose
initial: 160mg day 1
then after 2 wks 80 mg (day 15)
maintenance: 40 mg q week or every other
Adalimumab (Humira, Amjevita, Cyltezo) psoriatic Arthritis dose
40mg q other wk
Adalimumab (Humira, Amjevita, Cyltezo) Plaque Psoriasis dose
initial: 80mg for one dose
then after 1 wk 40mg q wk or q other wk
Adalimumab (Humira, Amjevita, Cyltezo) contraindications
[BBW] Increased risk for serious infections Discontinue for serious infection/sepsis
[BBW] Lymphoma and other malignancies in children and adolescents receiving TNF-blockers
[BBW]Active TB, including reactivation of latent TB.
Evaluate patients for TB risk factors and latent TB (with a skin test) prior to and during therapy
Alendronate
Fosamax, Binosto
Adalimumab (Humira, Amjevita, Cyltezo) class
anti rheumatic, TNF blocker
Albuterol Inhaler (Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir) dose
1-2 puffs q4-6h prn
Albuterol Inhaler (Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir) contraindications
monotherapy without concurrent use of a long-term controller meds should only be reserved for pts with mild, intermittent forms of asthma without the presence of risk factors
Allopurinol (PO)
Zyloprim
Albuterol Inhaler (Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir) class
beta 2 agonists, short acting (SABA)
Alendronate (Fosamax, Binosto) px dose
5mg qd or 35mg q wk
Alendronate (Fosamax, Binosto) tx dose
10mg qd or 70mg q wk
Alendronate (Fosamax, Binosto) contraindications
Esophageal abnormalities or high risk for adverse esophageal effects
Hypocalcemia
Inability to sit or stand upright for at least 30 minutes
Atypical femur fractures
Alendronate (Fosamax, Binosto) dose adjustment
renal
Allopurinol (IV)
Aloprim
Allopurinol PO (zyloprim) dose
100-300mg q d (800mg max/day in divided doses)
Alendronate (Fosamax, Binosto) class
Bisphosphonate
Allopurinol (Zyloprim, Aloprim) contraindication
before presc: HLA-B*58:01 allele test in pts at elevated risk for developing severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR):
1-Korean patients with CKD ≥ stage 3
2- all pts of Han Chinese or Thai descent
Allopurinol (Zyloprim, Aloprim) dose adjustment
renal
Alprazolam
Xanax
Allopurinol IV (Aloprim) dose
200-400mg/m2/day in single dose
Allopurinol (Zyloprim, Aloprim) class
antigout, xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Amiodarone (PO)
Pacerone
alprazolam (Xanax) IR dose
0.25-0.5mg 3x/day (max 4mg/day)
alprazolam (Xanax) ER dose
0.5-1mg qd
titrate dose every 3 to 4 days in increments ≤1 mg/day (range: 3 to 6 mg/day)
alprazolam (Xanax) contraindication
Benzodiazepines–> anterograde amnesia
alprazolam (Xanax) dose adjustment
hepatic
Amiodarone(IV)
Nexterone
Amiodarone (PO) Pacerone dose
200-1600mg/day in 1-2 divided doses
alprazolam (Xanax) class
Benzodiazepine
Amiodarone (Pacerone, nexterone) Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to iodine
Obtain baseline and periodic liver transaminases and d/c or reduce dose if the increase > 3 times normal or doubles in a patient with an elevated baseline
initiate therapy in a clinical setting where continuous ECGs and cardiac resuscitation are available
Alternative therapies should be tried first
Prior to initiation, obtain a baseline chest X-ray and pulmonary function tests, including diffusion capacity. Repeat every 3 to 6 months.
Amiodarone (Pacerone, nexterone) dose adjustment
hepatic
Amitriptyline
Amitriptyline
Amiodarone IV (Nexterone) dose
150-300mg infused over 10min
Amiodarone (Pacerone, nexterone) Class
Class III antiarrhythmic
amitriptyline class
Antidepressant, TCA
amitriptyline dose
Depression:
25-50 mg qd at bedtime or in divided doses
can gradually increase to 100-300 mg daily
Amitriptyline contraindications
Abrupt discontinuation or interruption of antidepressant therapy has been associated with a discontinuation syndrome
Use with caution in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease; the risk of conduction abnormalities with this agent is high relative to other antidepressants
Use with caution in patients at risk of seizures, including those with a history of seizures, head trauma, brain damage, alcoholism, or concurrent therapy with medications which may lower seizure threshold
Amlodipine
norvasc
Amlodipine (Norvasc) class
antihypertensive, CCB
Amlodipine (Norvasc) dose
PO: 2.5-10mg qd
Amlodipine (Norvasc) contrainications
SEs: peripheral edema within 2-3 wks of tx
Amlodipine (Norvasc) dose adjustment
hepatic
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin class
antibiotic, PCN
Amoxicillin dose
PO: 500mg-1g q 8-12h
Amoxicillin contraindications
avoid in pts with infectious mononucleosis –> erythematous rash during Amoxicillin tx
Amoxicillin dose adjustment
renal
Amoxicillin/ Potassium clavulanate
Augmentin
Amoxicillin/ Potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) class
antibiotic, PCN
Amoxicillin/ Potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) IR dose
PO: 500mg q 8-12h
or
875mg q 12h
Amoxicillin/ Potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) ER dose
PO:2g q 12h
Amoxicillin/ Potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) contraindications
diff content of clavulanic acid –> not all formulations are interchangeable
if use inappropriate product –> diarrhea, subtherapeutic clavulanic acid conc. –> decreased clinical efficacy
Some products contain phenylalanine
Amoxicillin/ Potassium clavulanate (Augmentin) dose adjustment
hepatic renal (avoid ER)
Ampicillin/ Sulbactam
Unasyn
Ampicillin/ Sulbactam (Unasyn) class
antibiotic, PCN
Ampicillin/ Sulbactam (Unasyn) IM+ IV dose
2:1 ratio
1-2g Ampicillin: 1.5-3g Unasyn q6h
Ampicillin/ Sulbactam (Unasyn) contraindications
hepatotoxicity
Ampicillin/ Sulbactam (Unasyn) dose adjustment
renal
Anstrazole
Arimidex
Anstrazole (Arimidex) class
Antineoplastic, aromatase inhibitor
Anstrazole (Arimidex) dose
PO: 1mg qd
Anstrazole (Arimidex) contraindications
hypercholesterolemia –> monitor LDL
decreased bone mineral density (BMD)
Apixaban
Eliquis
Apixaban (Eliquis) class
Anticoagulant, factor Xa inhibitor (oral)
Apixaban (Eliquis) dose
nonvalvular a fib: PO: 5mg BID UNLESS patient has 2 of the following: - age ≥80 years -wt ≤60 kg -Scr ≥1.5 mg/dL then reduce dose to 2.5 mg BID
Apixaban (Eliquis) contraindications
if pt with neuraxial anesthesia (epidural or spinal anesthesia) or spinal/epidural puncture
Apixaban (Eliquis) dose adjustment
renal Child-Pugh class C (hepatic)
Aripiprazole PO
Abilify
Aripiprazole IM
Ability Maintena
Aripiprazole (Abilify, Ability Maintena) class
Antipsychotic, atypical (2nd generation)
Aripiprazole (Abilify, Ability Maintena) contraindications
Aripiprazole PO (Abilify) dose
10-15mg qd (max 30mg/day)
Aripiprazole IM ER (Ability Maintena) dose
400mg q month (doses should be separated by ≥26 days)
Aspirin
Aspirin
Aspirin class
analgesic, Salicylate, anti-platelet
Aspirin Acute coronary syndrome dose
initial: 162-325mg
maintenance: 81-325mg qd
Aspirin Analgesic and antipyretic dose
IR: 325-650mg prn q4h (max 4g/day) (((higher dose)))
Aspirin contraindications
Patients with:
- asthma
- rhinitis
- nasal polyps
Do not use in children or teenagers for viral infections with or without fever –> Reye Syndrome
Aspirin dose adjustment
renal
hepatic
Atenolol
Tenormin
Atenolol (Tenormin) class
antihypertensive, BB, selective
Atenolol (Tenormin) dose
25-100mg qd
Atenolol (Tenormin) contraindications
Severe sinus bradycardia
Uncompensated CHF
BB tx should not be withdrawn abruptly
Atenolol (Tenormin) dose adjustment
renal
Atomoxetine
Strattera
Atomoxetine (Strattera) class
NorEpi reuptake inhibitor, attention deficit disorder
Atomoxetine (Strattera) dose
40-80mg qd (max100mg/day)
Atomoxetine (Strattera) contraindications
serious CV events including:
- sudden death in children and adolescents
- Stroke and MI in adults w/ heart problems
Atomoxetine (Strattera) dose adjustment
hepatic
Azelastine
Astepro
Azelastine (Astepro) class
antihistamine, histamine H1 antagonist
Azelastine (Astepro) dose
1-2 sprays BID in each nostril
or
2 sprays QD
Azelastine (Astepro) contraindications
May cause CNS depression, which may impair physical or mental abilities;
(patients must be cautioned about performing tasks that require mental alertness)
Atorvastatin
Lipitor
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) class
antilipemic, HMG Co-A reductase inhibitor (statin)
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) dose
10-80mg QD
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) contraindications
pregnancy (cause a statin)
Muscle weakness, myopathy
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) dose adjustment
hepatic
Azithromycin
Zithromax
Azithromycin (Zithromax) class
macrolide antibiotic
Azithromycin (Zithromax) IV dose
CAP
500mg IV for at least 3 days
then 500mg PO to complete 7-10 days tx
Azithromycin (Zithromax) PO dose
CAP
500mg on day 1
then 250mg QD x4d
Azithromycin (Zithromax) contraindications
QT prolongation
Azithromycin (Zithromax) dose adjustment
renal
Baclofen
Gablofen, Lioresal
Baclofen (Gablofen, Lioresal ) class
skeletal muscle relaxant
Baclofen (Gablofen, Lioresal ) PO dose
5mg 3x QD
then 10mg 3x QD until optimum response
(range 40-80mg QD)
Baclofen (Gablofen, Lioresal ) intrathecal dose
50mcg Q4-8h
max 100mcg/24h
Baclofen (Gablofen, Lioresal ) contraindications
[BBW] Abrupt withdrawal of intrathecal baclofen –> sequelae, multiple organ-system failure, and death.
Baclofen (Gablofen, Lioresal ) dose adjustment
renal
Azelastine (Astepro) dose adjustment
none
Adalimumab (Humira, Amjevita, Cyltezo) dose adjustment
none
Albuterol Inhaler (Proventil, Ventolin, ProAir) dose adjustment
none
Amitriptyline dose adjustment
none
Anstrazole (Arimidex) dose adjustment
none
Aripiprazole (Abilify, Ability Maintena) dose adjustment
none
Benazepril
Lotensin
Benazepril (Lotensin) class
antihypertensive, CHF, ACE-I
Benazepril (Lotensin) dose
5-40mg QD or BID
Benazepril (Lotensin) contraindications
hx of angioedema
pregnancy (ACE-I)
Benzonatate
Tessalon Perles
Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles) class
Antitussive
Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles) dose
100-200mg 3x/d (max 600mg)
Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles) dose adjustment
none
Bimatoprost
Lumigan, Latisse
Bimatoprost (Lumigan, Latisse) class
Antiglaucoma, prostaglandin
Bimatoprost (Lumigan, Latisse) dose
1 drop into the affected eye(s) Q evening
Bimatoprost (Lumigan, Latisse) contraindications
May permanently change/increase brown pigmentation of the iris, the eyelid skin, periorbital tissue, and eyelashes
Remove contact lenses prior to administration and wait 15 minutes before reapplying
Bimatoprost (Lumigan, Latisse) dose adjustment
none
Bisacodyl
Dulcolax
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) class
laxative, stimulant
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) PO dose
PO: 5-15mg QD PRN
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) rectal dose
Rectal: 10mg QD PRN
Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) dose adjustment
none
Bisoprolol
Bisoprolol
Bisoprolol class
antihypertensive, CHF, BB 1 selective
Bisoprolol dose
PO 2.5-5mg (max 20mg/d)
Bisoprolol contraindications
Cardiogenic shock, cardiac failure, or first degree heart block, sinus bradycardia
BB tx should not be withdrawn abruptly
Bisoprolol dose adjustment
renal
hepatic
Brimonidine
Lumify, Alphagan P
Brimonidine (Lumify, Alphagan P) class
antiglaucoma, alpha2 agonist
Brimonidine (Lumify, Alphagan P) dose
1 drop in affected eyes Q8h (max4x/d)
Brimonidine (Lumify, Alphagan P) contraindication
Bacterial keratitis: Inadvertent contamination of multiple-dose ophthalmic solutions
CNS depression
Brimonidine (Lumify, Alphagan P) dose adjustment
none
Budesonide Nasal
Rhinocort
Budesonide inhalation
Pulmicort
Budesonide (Rhinocort, Pulmicort) class
corticosteroid
Budesonide Nasal (Rhinocort) dose
Nasal: 1 spray (32mcg)
or 2 sprays in each nostril QD
Budesonide Inhalation ( Pulmicort) dose
360-720mcg BID
Budesonide (Rhinocort, Pulmicort) contraindications
May cause hypercortisolism or suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, particularly in younger children or in patients receiving high doses for prolonged periods
Budesonide (Rhinocort, Pulmicort) dose adjustment
none
Budosenide/ Formaterol
Symbicort
Budosenide/ Formaterol (symbicort) class
inhaled corticosteroid/ beta 2 agonist
Budosenide/ Formaterol (symbicort) dose
1-2 inhalations BID
Budosenide/ Formaterol (symbicort) contraindications
Adrenal suppression
oropharyngeal Candida infections
Budosenide/ Formaterol (symbicort) dose adjustment
none
Bupropion
Wellbutrin XL, Forfivo XL, Aplenzin (hydrobromide salt)
Bupropion (Wellbutrin XL, Forfivo XL, Aplenzin (hydrobromide salt) class
Antidepressant, dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Bupropion (Wellbutrin XL, Forfivo XL, Aplenzin (hydrobromide salt) dose
150mg QD (max 450mg QD) HCL salt
conversions available for hydrobromide salt
Bupropion (Wellbutrin XL, Forfivo XL, Aplenzin (hydrobromide salt) contraindications
May cause a dose-related risk of seizures. Use is contraindicated in patients with a history of seizures or certain conditions with high seizure risk
Bupropion (Wellbutrin XL, Forfivo XL, Aplenzin (hydrobromide salt) dose adjustment
hepatic
renal
Bubprenorphine/ naloxone
Suboxone, Bunavail, Zubsoly
Buprenorphine/ naloxone (Suboxone, Bunavail, Zubsoly) class
opioid partial agonist/antagonist
Buprenorphine/ naloxone (Suboxone) dose
initial: sublingual: Buprenorphine 2mg/ naloxone 0.5mg
or
Buprenorphine 4mg/ naloxone 1 mg
may titrate dose
Buprenorphine/ naloxone (Suboxone, Bunavail, Zubsoly) contraindications
CNS and respiratory depression (opioid)
Avoid for severe hepatic dysfunction
Buprenorphine/ naloxone (Suboxone, Bunavail, Zubsoly) dose adjustment
hepatic
Buspirone
Buspirone
Buspirone class
antianxiety agent (serotonergic)
Buspirone dose
10-15mg/day in 2-3 divided doses (max60mg/d)
Buspirone contraindication
Potentially life-threatening serotonin syndrome when used in combination with:
1-other serotonergic agents (eg, triptans, TCAs, fentanyl, lithium, tramadol, buspirone, St John’s wort, tryptophan)
2-agents that impair metabolism of serotonin (eg, MAOIs used to tx psychiatric disorders [ie, linezolid and IV methylene blue])
Buspirone dose adjustment
renal
hepatic
Canagliflozin
Invokana
Canagliflozin (Invokana) class
Antidiabetic, SGLT2 inhibitor
Canagliflozin (Invokana) dose
PO 100mg prior 1st meal (max 300mg/d)
Canagliflozin (Invokana) contraindications
Lower limb infections, gangrene, and diabetic foot ulcers were the most common precipitating factors
May increase the risk of genital mycotic infections
Cases of necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum
Serious urinary infections including urosepsis and pyelonephritis requiring hospitalization
Canagliflozin (Invokana) dose adjustment
renal
Carbamazepine
Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol
Carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol) class
anticonvulsant
Carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol) oral dose
initial 400 mg/d divided in 2 or 4 doses
titrated up to 800-1200 mg/d
Carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol) IV dose
70% of oral dose Q 6h for only 7 days
Carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol) contraindications
BBW: Dermatologic reactions, HLA-B*15:02 allele, aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis
In chronic therapy, withdraw gradually over 2 to 6 months to minimize the potential of increased seizure frequency
Hepatic enzyme autoinduction, monitor for dosing increases
Carbamazepine (Carbatrol, Epitol, Equetro, Tegretol)dose adjustment
renal
Carbidopa/ Levodopa
Duopa, Rytary, Sinemet
Carbidopa/ Levodopa (Duopa, Rytary, Sinemet) class
Anti-parkinson agent, Decarboxylase inhibitor
Carbidopa/ Levodopa (Duopa, Rytary, Sinemet) IR dose
IR: 25mg/100mg
or 10mg/100mg 3x/d
Carbidopa/ Levodopa (Duopa, Rytary, Sinemet) ER dose
ER: 50mg/200mg BID (at least 6h apart)
Carbidopa/ Levodopa (Duopa, Rytary, Sinemet) contrindications
Narrow angle glaucoma
Dietary protein: Distribute dietary protein throughout the day to avoid fluctuations in levodopa absorption
Carbidopa/ Levodopa (Duopa, Rytary, Sinemet) dose adjustment
none
Carisoprodol
Soma
Carisoprodol (Soma) class
skeletal muscle relaxant
Carisoprodol (Soma) dose
250-350mg 3x/d QD and at bedtime
Carisoprodol (Soma) contraindications
caution in pt with hx of drug abuse or acute alcoholism; potential for drug dependency exists.
Tolerance, psychological and physical dependence to carisoprodol (and its metabolite, meprobamate) may occur with prolonged use
Limit use to 2 to 3 weeks
Carisoprodol (Soma) dose adjustment
none
carvedilol
Coreg
carvedilol (Coreg) class
antihypertensive/ CHF, BB
carvedilol (Coreg) IR dose
IR: 3.125-50mg BID
carvedilol (Coreg) ER dose
ER: 10-80mg QD
carvedilol (Coreg) contraindications
BB tx should not be withdrawn abruptly (particularly in patients with CAD), but gradually tapered to avoid acute tachycardia, hypertension, and/or ischemia
carvedilol (Coreg) dose adjustments
hepatic