Top 14 Drugs Mechanism of Action Flashcards
Acts on hypothalamus to produce antipyresis, peripherally works to block pain impulse generation, may inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in CNS
Acetaminophen
Calcium channel blocker; inhibits cardiac & vascular smooth muscle contraction leading to dilation of main coronary & systemic arteries
Amlodipine
Inhibits sunthesis of prostaglandins by blocking COX; inhibits platelet aggregation; has antipyretic & analgesic activity
Aspirin
Inhibits rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
Atorvastatin
Sulfonylurea enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Increase peripheral utilization of glucose, suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, and possibly increase sensitivity and/or number of peripheral insulin receptors
Glyburide
Thiazides increase sodium and chloride excretion by interfering with their reabsorption in the cortical diluting segment of the nephron
Hydrochlorothiazide
Nonselective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2 and reversibily alters platelet function and prolongs bleeding time
Ibuprofen
As the S(-) enantiomer of the fluoroquinolone, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, inhibits DNA-gyrase in susceptible organisms thereby inhibits relaxation of supercoiled DNA and promotes breakage of DNA strands. DNA gyrase (topoisomerase II), is an essential bacterial enzyme that maintains the superhelical structure of DNA and is required for DNA replication and transcription, DNA repair, recombination, and transposition.
Levofloxacin
Competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor; results in lower levels of angiotensin II which causes an increase in plasma renin activity and a reduction in aldosterone secretion; a CNS mechanism may also be involved in hypotensive effect as angiotensin II increases adrenergic outflow from CNS; vasoactive kallikreins may be decreased in conversion to active hormones by ACE inhibitors, thus reducing blood pressure
Lisinopril
As a selective and competitive, nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist, losartan blocks the vasoconstrictor and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II; losartan interacts reversibly at the AT1 and AT2 receptors of many tissues and has slow dissociation kinetics; its affinity for the AT1 receptor is 1000 times greater than the AT2 receptor. Angiotensin II receptor antagonists may induce a more complete inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system than ACE inhibitors, they do not affect the response to bradykinin, and are less likely to be associated with nonrenin-angiotensin effects (eg, cough and angioedema). Losartan increases urinary flow rate and in addition to being natriuretic and kaliuretic, increases excretion of chloride, magnesium, uric acid, calcium, and phosphate.
Losartan
Decreases hepatic glucose production, decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity (increases peripheral glucose uptake and utilization)
Metformin
Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors; competitively blocks beta1-receptors, with little or no effect on beta2-receptors at oral doses <100 mg (in adults); does not exhibit any membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
Metoprolol succinate
Selective inhibitor of beta1-adrenergic receptors; competitively blocks beta1-receptors, with little or no effect on beta2-receptors at oral doses <100 mg (in adults); does not exhibit any membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
Metoprolol tartrate
Hydrolyzed to beta-hydroxyacid (potent HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) –> increases rate of removal of cholesterol from body and reduces production by inhibiting conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (early and rate limiting step in biosynthesis of cholesterol)
Simvastatin
