TOP Flashcards
It is the structure in the provinces of the mind that must somehow balance the demands of desire, reality, and morality.
Ego
According to this theory, “A personality can never be isolated from the complex of interpersonal relations in which the person lives and has his being.”
Interpersonal Theory
This theory extended Freud’s infantile development; at each stage a specific psychosocial struggle contributes to the formation of personality
Post-Freudian Theory
According to the Humanistic Psychoanalysis Theory, it is the urge to rise above a passive and accidental existence and into “the realm of purposefulness and freedom.”
Transcendence
Adler defined this as an attitude of relatedness with humanity in general as well as an empathy for each member of the human community.
Social Interest
It is the level of the psyche in Carl Jung’s theory that is the universal memory and history. It has its roots in the ancestral past of the entire species.
Collective Unconscious
It is a position where the feelings of anxiety over losing a loved object coupled with a sense of guilt for wanting to destroy that object.
Depressive Position
These are the 10 categories of needs that Horney identified that characterize neurotics in their attempts to combat basic anxiety.
Neurotic Needs
The collective name for the eight stages of development according to Erik Erikson.
Psychosocial Development
According to Adler, these are the actions of people who are motivated by highly developed social interest.
Striving for Success
According to the Psychoanalytic Theory, these refers to the forces that motivate people.
Dynamics of Personality
Gemer was allowed by his coach to eat only 2,000 Kcal per day; however, he has a party to attend where the food is in buffet. He knows that he might eat more than his allowed calories, but still goes to the party. He will just eat less the next day to compensate with the excess calories that he ate. In this case, Gemer is ruled by this province of the mind,
Ego
According to the Psychoanalytic Theory, this is the only province of the mind that feels anxiety.
Ego
A person who suffers from chronic shame or feelings of guilt over not living up to “proper” standards, even though such standards might not be attainable, is experiencing this kind of anxiety.
Moral Anxiety
A person wanted to pursue fashion design, but finds out later on that she does not have the skills for that. However, because she is good in cooking, she focused on training her skills there to become a famous chef. What is the defense mechanism that this person used?
Compensation
After Lucy’s parents bitter divorce, she refuse to sleep alone in her room and crawling into bed with her mother. What is the defense mechanism that Lucy used?
Regression
In stage of the Psychosexual Development, no fixations occur as the child’s energy are focused on peer activities and personal mastery of learning and physical skills.
Latency
According to the Interpersonal Theory, these are typical behavior patterns that characterize a person throughout a lifetime.
Dynamisms
These are unrealistic traits or imaginary friends that many children invent in order to protect their self-esteem.
Eidetic Personifications
According to the Post-Freudian Theory, it is the image we have of ourselves in the variety of social roles we play.
Ego identity
This grows out of basic trust; and if basic trust has been established in infancy, then children learn to have faith in themselves, and their world remains intact while they experience a mild psychosocial crisis.
Autonomy
At the end of life, the dystonic quality of ________ may prevail, but for people with a strong ego identity who have learned intimacy and who have taken care of both people and things, the syntonic quality of integrity will predominate.
Despair
According to the Humanistic Psychoanalysis Theory, the single productive orientation has three dimensions, except:
Empathic
This is a character orientation where the person seeks to save that which they have already obtained. They hold everything inside and do not let go of anything. They keep money, feelings, and thoughts to themselves.
Hoarding
A student studies hard to finish his/her degree in medicine to become a doctor and help people). This case is an example of:
Striving for Success
It contains all those attributes, usually positive, that people aspire to possess.
Ideal Self
Existentialists adopt this approach in understanding humanity
Phenomenological
This includes all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual.
Self Concept
If a pianist who has full confidence in his piano-playing ability is told by a friend that his playing is excellent, he may hear these words, accurately symbolize them, and freely admit them to his self-concept. In this case, the pianist is in this level of awareness:
Accurately Symbolized
If the gifted pianist were to be told by a distrusted competitor that his playing was excellent, he might react very differently than he did when he heard the same words from a trusted friend. In this case, the pianist is in this level of awareness:
Distorted
It is defined as the experience of prizing or valuing one’s self.
Positive Self-Regard
It arises when the positive regard of a significant other is conditional, when the individual feels that in some respects he [or she] is prized and in others not.
Conditions of Worth
Less conspicuous but far greater in number than central dispositions
Secondary Dispositions
These are the characteristics that could be listed in an accurate letter of recommendation written by someone who knew the person quite well.
Central Dispositions
These are eminent characteristic or ruling passion that are so outstanding that it dominates people’s lives.
Cardinal Dispositions
High scores on this domain may indicate imaginative, creative, original, prefers variety, curious, liberal and question traditional.
Openness
The three core components of the Five-Factor Theory are, except:
External Influence
This refers to people’s belief that they are capable of performing those behaviors that can produce desired outcomes in a particular situation.
Self Efficacy
It is a procedure in which the experimenter or the environment first rewards gross approximations of the behavior, then closer approximations, and finally the desired behavior itself.
Shaping
Increasing a behavior by administering a reward
Positive Reinforcement
Reinforcement is presented after a fixed amount of time.
Fixed Interval
Reinforcement presented after a fixed number of responses
Fixed Ratio
Is the tendency of a previously acquired response to become progressively weakened upon non-reinforcement
Extinction
These are tensions brought on by biological imbalance between a person and the physiochemical environment, both inside and outside the organism.
Needs
A child is conditioned to say “please” in order to receive candy. If “candy” and “please” occur together a number of times, the child may eventually reach the illogical conclusion that her supplications caused the candy’s appearance. This case is a sample of how perceiving, imagining, and conceiving happens in this level of cognition:
Parataxic Level
The behavior potential in any situation is a function of both expectancy and __________.
Reinforcement Value
Refers to a person’s expectation that some specific reinforcement or set of reinforcements will occur in a given situation. The probability is not determined by the individual’s history of reinforcements, as Skinner contended, but is subjectively held by the person.
Expectancy
It is a function of both one’s generalized expectancy and one’s specific expectancy. It partially determines the amount of effort people will expend in pursuit of their goals.
Total Expectancy
The preference a person attaches to any reinforcement when the probabilities for the occurrence of a number of different reinforcements are all equal.
Reinforcement Value
Although no two events are exactly alike, we construe similar events as if they were the same. This refers to the:
Construction Corollary
