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Top 100 OTC Drugs > Top 100 OTC Practice Exam 10/23/24 > Flashcards

Top 100 OTC Practice Exam 10/23/24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brand name for Azelastine?

A

Astepro

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2
Q

What is the dosage form for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

0.15%, 137 mcg/actuation nasal spray

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3
Q

What are the two self-care indications for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Perennial allergic rhinitis and seasonal allergic rhinitis

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4
Q

What is the self-care dosing for perennial allergic rhinitis for adults 12 years and older for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

2 spray EN BID

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5
Q

What is the self-care dosing for perennial allergic rhinitis for children 6-12 years for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

1 spray EN BID

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6
Q

What is the self-care dosing for seasonal allergic rhinitis for adults 12 years and older for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

1-2 sprays EN BID

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7
Q

What is the self-care dosing for seasonal allergic rhinitis for children 6-12 years for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

1 spray EN BID

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8
Q

What is the MOA of Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Azelastine (Astepro) is a selective H1-receptor antagonist that blocks the release of histamine from cells involved in the allergic response. It also inhibits other mediators of the allergic response like leukotrienes and reduces chemotaxis and eosinophil activation.

2nd generation antihistamine

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9
Q

What is the box warning for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

None

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10
Q

What is the contraindication for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Hypersensitivity

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11
Q

What is the one agent that interacts with Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

CNS depressants (opioids, BZs, and alcohol). Combination of these drugs may enhance the CNS depressant effects. Avoid combination of these drugs.

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12
Q

What are the 4 common (>10%) side effects for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Bitter taste in mouth, headache, somnolence (drowsiness), and rhinitis

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13
Q

What are the 4 less common (1-10%) side effects of Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Fatigue, epistaxis, pharyngitis, and sneezing

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14
Q

What are the rare but serious (<1%) side effects of Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

None

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15
Q

What is the brand name for Certirizine?

A

Zyrtec

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16
Q

What are the 5 different dosing forms for cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A
  1. Oral solution- 1mg/1mL
  2. Disintegrating oral tablet- 10mg
  3. Tablet- 5, 10mg
  4. Chewable tablet- 5, 10mg
  5. Liquid-filled capsule- 10mg
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17
Q

What are the self-care indications for cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

Perennial allergic rhinitis and seasonal allergic rhinitis

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18
Q

What are the self-care dosages for those 6 years and older with perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis for cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

5-10 mg PO daily

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19
Q

What are the self-care dosages for those 2-5 years old with perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis for cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

2.5-5 mg PO daily

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20
Q

What is the MOA of cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

It is a low-sedating long-acting H1 receptor antagonist that is a metabolite of hydroxyzine. It competitively inhibits the interactions of histamine with H1-receptors therefore preventing the allergic response.

Second-generation anti-histamine

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21
Q

What is the box warning for cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

None

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22
Q

What is the contraindication for cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

Hypersensitivity to cetirizine or hydroxyzine

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23
Q

What are the 3 agents that interaction with cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A
  1. CNS depressants (opioids, BZs, alcohol)
  2. P-glycoprotein inducers
  3. P-glycoprotein inhibitors
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24
Q

What is the interaction between CNS depressants and cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

May increase the sedation effects. Can use concurrently with caution.

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25
Q

What is the interaction between p-glycoprotein inducers and cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

Increases cetirizine (Zyrtec) transport out of cell and reduces it effectiveness. Monitor and consider dose increases of cetirizine (Zyrtec)

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26
Q

What is the interaction between p-glycoprotein inhibitors and cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

Decreases cetirizine (Zyrtec) transport which increases the risk of cetirizine (Zyrtec) toxicity. Monitor and consider dose decrease of cetirizine (Zyrtec)

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27
Q

What are the 2 common (>10%) side effects of cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

Drowsiness and headache

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28
Q

What are the 6 less common (1-10%) side effects of cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

Sedation, dry mouth, fatigue, pharyngitis, dizziness, and nausea.

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29
Q

What are the rare but serious (<1%) effects of cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

None known

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30
Q

What is the brand name for chlorpheniramine?

A

Chlor-Trimeton

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31
Q

What are the 4 different dosage forms for chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A
  1. Tablet- 4mg
  2. Tablet ER- 12mg
  3. Syrup- 2mg/5mL
  4. Liquid- 2mg/1mL
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32
Q

What is the self-care indication for chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Allergic rhinitis

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33
Q

What is the self-care dosing for allergic rhinitis in those 12 years and older for chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Immediate release- 4mg Q4-6H
ER- 12mg PO Q12H

(max 24mg/24hr)

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34
Q

What is the self-care dosing for allergic rhinitis in those 6-12 years of age for chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Immediate release- 2mg Q4-6H

(max 12mg/24hr)

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35
Q

What is the MOA of chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Specifically blocks the H1-receptor which inhibits the action of histamine.

1st generation anti-histamine

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36
Q

What is the box warning for chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

None

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37
Q

What are the 4 contraindications for chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A
  1. Narrow-angle glaucoma
  2. Bladder obstruction
  3. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
  4. During acute asthmatic attack
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38
Q

What are the typical agents of drugs that interact with chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A
  1. Barbiturates, BZs, centrally acting muscle relaxants, and opioids
  2. Amantadine, glycopyrrolate, scopolamine, and tiotropium
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39
Q

What are the interactions between Barbiturates, BZs, centrally acting muscle relaxants, and opioids and chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Additive CNS depression. Monitor and consider dose adjustments

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40
Q

What are the interactions between Amantadine, glycopyrrolate, scopolamine, and tiotropium and chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Additive anticholinergic adverse effects. Avoid concurrent use or monitor for increased urinary retention and dizziness.

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41
Q

What is the one common (>10%) side effect of chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Somnolence (drowsiness)

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42
Q

What are the 6 less common (1-10%) side effects of chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Heachache, fatigue, xerostomia, diplopia, abdominal pain, and urinary retention.

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43
Q

What are the 3 rare but serious (<1%) side effects of chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Arrhythmias, hypersensitivity, and seizures.

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44
Q

What is the brand name for cholecalciferol?

A

Vitamin D3 or D-Vit-Sol

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45
Q

What are the 4 dosage forms of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A
  1. Tablet- 400, 800, 1000, 2000, 3000, 5000, 10,000, and 50,000 Units
  2. Chewable tablet- 400, 2000 Units
  3. Capsule- 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000, 25,000, and 50,000 Units
  4. Liquid- 400 units/mL and 5000 units/mL
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46
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

It is a dietary supplement. See preface card with age-specific RDA requirements

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47
Q

What is the MOA cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

Cholecalciferol is metabolized to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol). This binds to the intracellular vitamin D receptor to activate vitamin D response elements within target genes and is required for calcium homeostasis.

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48
Q

What is the box warning for cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

None

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49
Q

What are the 3 contraindications for the use of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A
  1. Hypercalcemia
  2. Hypersensitivity malabsorption syndrome
  3. Evidence of vitamin D toxicity
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50
Q

What are the 3 common agents that interact with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A
  1. Multivitamins and other vitamin D analogues
  2. Aluminum hydroxide and sucralfate
  3. Bile acid sequestrants and orlistat
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51
Q

What is the interaction between multivitamins and other vitamin D analogues with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

Increases the risk of vitamin D toxicity. Do not exceed RDA from all sources.

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52
Q

What is the interaction between Aluminum hydroxide and sucralfate and cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

Increases aluminum absorption and toxicity. Avoid the combination.

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53
Q

What is the interaction between bile acid sequestrants and orlistat with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

Reduces vitamin D absorption. Avoid combination.

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54
Q

What are the common (>10%) adverse effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

None known

55
Q

What is the 1 less common (1-10%) side effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

GI distress

56
Q

What are the rare but serious (<1%) side effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

Hypercalcemia including symptoms like headaches, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and arrhythmias).

57
Q

What is the brand name for systemic diphenhydramine?

A

Benadryl or ZzzQuil

58
Q

What are the 3 dosing forms for systemic diphenhydramine (Benadryl or Zzzquil)?

A
  1. Oral tablet and oral capsule: 25, 50 mg
  2. Chewable table: 12.5, 25 mg
  3. Oral liquid: 12.5mg/5 mL and 50mg/30mL
59
Q

What are the 4 self-care indications for systemic diphenhydramine (Benadryl or Zzzquil)?

A
  1. Allergic reactions
  2. Cough
  3. Sleep
  4. Motion sickness
60
Q

What is the self-care dosing for diphenhydramine for those older than 12 (Benadryl or Zzzquil)?

A

25-50 mg every 4-6 hours (max 300 mg/day)

61
Q

What is the common self-care dosing for diphenhydramine in children ages 6-12?

A

1 mg/kg every 4-6 hours (max 50 mg/dose) or 12.5-25 mg PO Q-46H (max 150mg/day)

62
Q

What are the contraindications for diphenhydramine use?

A

Hypersensitivity to it or dimenhydrinate.

63
Q

What are the common side effects of diphenhydramine?

A

Drowsiness, dizziness, restlessness, and nervousness

64
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse effects of diphenhydramine?

A

Chest tightness, hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, hypersensitivity, rash, and urinary retention.

65
Q

What are less common side effects of diphenhydramine?

A

Headache, dry mouth, fatigue, nausea, insomnia, constipation

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Top 100 OTC Drugs (3 decks)

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