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Top 100 OTC Drugs > Top 100 OTC Drugs > Flashcards

Top 100 OTC Drugs Flashcards

Brand, generic, dosage forms, self-care indications and dosing, box warnings, contraindications, adverse effects, and drug interactions

1
Q

What is the generic name of acetaminophen?

A

Tylenol

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2
Q

What are the 9 different dosage forms of tylenol?

A

Capsule (325, 500mg)
Chewable (80, 160mg)
Elixir (160mg/5mL)
Gel (160mg/5mL)
Liquids (160mg/5mL or 500mg/15mL)
Packet (160, 500mg)
Suppository (80, 120, 325, 650mg)
Tablet (325, 500, 650mg)
Tablet ER (650mg)

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3
Q

What are the self-care indications for acetaminophen?

A

Pain, headache, and fever

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4
Q

What is the self-care dosing of acetaminophen for those older than 12 years in tablet form?

A

Those greater than 12 years:

-Tablet: 325-600mg Q4-6H PO PRN or 1000mg Q6H PO PRN (max 3000-3250mg/day)

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5
Q

What is the self-care dosing of acetaminophen for those older than 12 years in tablet ER form?

A

Those greater than 12 years:

-Tablet ER: 1300mg PO Q8H PRN (max 3900mg/day)

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6
Q

What is the self-care dosing of acetaminophen in children less than 12 years old?

A

Those younger than 12 years:

-10-15mg/kg/dose PO Q4-6H PRN (max dose 5dose/day or 75mg/kg/day)

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7
Q

What is the MOA of acetaminophen?

A

Acetaminophen is a centrally acting analgesic and antipyretic with minimal anti-inflammatory properties. Its analgesic mechanism is unknown but may be through central inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

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8
Q

What are the box warnings for acetaminophen?

A

Medication error in injection only and hepatotoxicity

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9
Q

What are the contraindications (exclusion for self-care) for acetaminophen?

A

Hypersensitivity to the drug
Active acute hepatic dysfunction
Do not use with other products containing acetaminophen

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10
Q

What are the less common adverse reactions to acetaminophen?

A

Nausea and vomiting (1-10%)

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11
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse reactions to acetaminophen?

A

Steven-Johnson Syndrome and increase liver function tests

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12
Q

What are the drug interactions with acetaminophen?

A

Busulfan
Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Zidovudine, and alcohol
Warfarin

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13
Q

What is the generic name for Adapalene?

A

Differin

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14
Q

What is the dosage form of Adapalene?

A

It comes in a gel at 0.1%

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15
Q

What is the self-care indication for adapalene use?

A

Acne vulgaris

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16
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for adapalene?

A

Older than 12 years:

-Apply thin film topically to affected areas at bedtime

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17
Q

What is the MOA of adapalene?

A

Adapalene exhibits retinoic acid-like activity, reducing important features of the pathology of acne vulgaris by normalizing the differentiation of follicular epithelial cells and keratinization to prevent microcomedone formation. Adapalene enhances keratinocyte differentiation without inducing epidermal hyperplasia and severe irritation, which is associated with retinoic acid. Adapalene decreases formation of comedones and inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions.

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18
Q

What are the box warnings for adapalene?

A

None

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19
Q

What are the contraindications for adapalene use?

A

Hypersensitivity

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20
Q

What are the common adverse reactions for adapalene?

A

Dry skin, scaly skin, erytheme, burning and stinging (>10%)

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21
Q

What are the less common adverse reactions for adapalene?

A

Skin irritation, skin discomfort, pruritus (1-10%)

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22
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects for adapalene?

A

Angioedema (<1%)

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23
Q

What are the drug interactions with adapalene?

A

Photosensitizing agents

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24
Q

What is the generic name for Alpha-D-Galactosidase?

A

Beano

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25
Q

What are the dosage forms for Alpha-D-Galactosidase?

A

Chewable tablet- 150 Units
Disintegrating tablet- 300 Units

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26
Q

What are the self-care indications for Alpha-D-Galactosidase (Beano)?

A

Intestinal gas, bloating, and flatulence

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27
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for the chewable tablet for Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

Older than 12 years:

-Chewable table: 2-3 tablets PO before meal

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28
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for the disintegrating tablet for Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

Older than 12 years:

-Disintegrating tablet: 1 table PO before meal

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29
Q

What is the MOA of Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

Natural food enzyme derived from the A. niger mold that breaks down nonabsorbable complex carbohydrates in foods before they can be metabolized by colonic bacteria, resulting in less bloating and flatulence.

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30
Q

What are the box warnings for Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

None

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31
Q

What are the contraindications for Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

Hypersensitivity and patients with galactosemia (metabolic disorder interfering with the metabolism of galactose)

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32
Q

What are the side effects of Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

None known

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33
Q

What are the drug interactions with Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

None known

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34
Q

What are the brand names for aluminum acetate?

A

Domeboro powder, Burow solution, and Boro-packs

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35
Q

What is the dosage form for aluminum acetate in the powder pack (Domeboro powder)?

A

Each pack contain 1,347mg of aluminum sulfate and 952mg of calcium acetate. When dissolved it forms aluminum acetate

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36
Q

What is the dosage form for aluminum acetate in the topical gel form (Domeboro powder)?

A

Topical gel contain 0.2-0.5% concentration

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37
Q

What is the self-care indication for aluminum acetate?

A

Skin irritation

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38
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for aluminum acetate?

A

Older than 2 years:

Apply wet compress topically to affected area for 15-20 minutes up to TID or soak affected area in solution for 20-30 minutes Q4-8H PRN.

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39
Q

What is the MOA of aluminum acetate?

A

Aluminum acetate is a topical astringent that provides temporary relief of minor skin irritations (eg, insect bites, athlete’s foot, poison ivy/oak/sumac, and other contact dermatitis). The solution helps relieve itching, has a cooling and drying effect, and is particularly useful on wet or weeping lesions.

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40
Q

What are the box warnings for aluminum acetate?

A

None

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41
Q

What are the contraindications for aluminum acetate?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product

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42
Q

What are the common side effects associated with the use of aluminum acetate?

A

Local skin irritation, inflammation, and dryness (>10%)

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43
Q

What are the less common side effects associated with the use of aluminum acetate?

A

Rash (1-10%)

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44
Q

What are the drug interactions with aluminum acetate?

A

None known

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45
Q

What are the brand names for artificial saliva?

A

Biotene and Salivea

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46
Q

What are the different dosage forms of artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Various dosages available in the form of solutions, sprays, pastes, gels, toothpastes, lozenges, and chewing gum.

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47
Q

What different products are contained in Artificial Saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

The product contains a combination of water, electrolytes, proteins, sugars, and lubricants.

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48
Q

What are the two self-care indications for artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Xerostomia associated with hyposalivation. Mucositis associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or medication use.

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49
Q

What is the MOA of artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Replaces or supplements naturally produced saliva to lubricate and protect the oral mucosa.

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50
Q

What is the self-care dosing for artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Older than 12 years:

Dosing and frequency depends on dosage form. Most products are intended to be swished and spit out. Sprays, pastes, lozenges, and some solutions may be swallowed as often as needed to relieve dry mouth symptoms.

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51
Q

What are the box warnings for artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

None

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52
Q

What are the less common side effects associated with artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Altered taste, speech, and swallowing, and nausea (1-10%)

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53
Q

What are the contraindications for artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component in the product.

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54
Q

What are the drug interactions with artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

None known

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55
Q

What is the brand name for artificial tears?

A

Systane

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56
Q

What are the dosage forms for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Various solutions are available

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57
Q

What products are contained within artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Water, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and lubricants

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58
Q

What is the self-care indication for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Ocular dryness

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59
Q

What is the self-care dosing for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

1-2 drops in affected eye(s) PRN for symptomatic relief.

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60
Q

What is the MOA of artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Replace or supplement naturally produced tears with product that has similar moisturizing characteristics to lubricate and protect the eye and relieve burning and stinging associated with dry eyes.

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61
Q

What are the box warnings for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

None

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62
Q

What are the contraindications for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any product component

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63
Q

What are the less common side effects of artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Blurred vision, crust development, and stinging on administration (1-10%)

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64
Q

What are the drug interactions for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

None known

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65
Q

What is the brand name for Aspirin?

A

Bayer and Vazalore

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66
Q

What are the 7 dosage forms for aspirin?

A

Caplet- 81, 325, 500mg
Chewable tablet- 81mg
DR tablet- 81mg
Enteric coated caplet- 325mg
Enteric coated tablet- 81, 325, 650mg
Liquid-filled capsule- 81, 325mg
Tablet- 325, 500mg

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67
Q

What are the self-care indications and associated dosing for aspirin?

A

Older than 12 years:

Fever- 325-650mg PO Q4-6H PRN (max 4g/day)

Generalized aches, pains, and headache- 325-650mg PO Q4H PRN (max 4g/day)

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68
Q

What are the self-care indications for aspirin use?

A

Fever, generalized aches, pains, and headaches

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69
Q

What is the maximum dose per day of aspirin?

A

4 grams

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70
Q

What is the MOA of aspirin?

A

Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly inhibiting platelet cyclooxygenase, and therefore preventing the production of thromboxane A(2), a powerful inducer of platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.

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71
Q

What are the box warnings for aspirin?

A

None

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72
Q

What are the 6 contraindications for aspirin?

A

Hypersensitivity, asthma, rhinitis, nasal polyps, inherited or acquired bleeding disorder, and those younger than 18 with viral infection.

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73
Q

What are the common side effect associated with aspirin use?

A

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, and indigestion (>10%)

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74
Q

What are the less common side effects associated with aspirin use?

A

Arthralgia (joint pain or stiffness), bleeding, bruising, and tinnitus (buzzing in ear) (1-10%)

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75
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse effects associated with aspirin use?

A

Angioedema (swelling in deep layers of skin), GI hemorrhage, GI ulcer, Reye syndrome (swelling in liver and brain), and Steven-Johnson Syndrome (fatal skin rxn) (<1%)

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76
Q

What are the drug interactions with aspirin?

A

NSAIDS
Anticoagulants and antiplatelets
SSRIs and SNRIs
Oral corticosteriods

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77
Q

What is the brand name of Azelastine?

A

Astepro

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78
Q

What is the dosage form of Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Nasal spray 0.15% (137mcg/actuation)

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79
Q

What are the self-care indications and associated dosing for those older than 12 years for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Older than 12 years:

Perennial allergic rhinitis- 2 sprays/ nostril BID

Seasonal allergic rhinitis: 1-2 sprays/ nostril BID

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80
Q

What are the self-care indications and associated dosing for those between the ages of 6 and 12 years for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

6-12 years old:

Perennial allergic rhinitis- 1 spray/nostril BID

Seasonal allergic rhinitis- 1 spray/ nostril BID

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81
Q

What is the MOA for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Azelastine is a selective H1-receptor antagonist that blocks release of histamine from cells involved in the allergic response. It also inhibits other mediators of allergic reactions (eg, leukotrienes, etc), and reduces chemotaxis and eosinophil activation.

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82
Q

What are the box warnings for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

None

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83
Q

What are the contraindications for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Hypersensitivity

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84
Q

What are the common side effects associated with the use of Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Bitter taste in mouth, headache, somnolence (drowsiness), and rhinitis (>10%)

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85
Q

What are the less common side effects associated with the use of Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Fatigue, epistaxis (nose bleed), pharyngitis, and sneezing (1-10%)

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86
Q

What are the drug interactions with Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

CNS depressants

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87
Q

What are the brand names for Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B?

A

Neosporin

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88
Q

What is the dosage form for bacitracin?

A

Bacitracin is a topical ointment with 400 Units/gram

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89
Q

What is the dosage form for neomycin?

A

Neomycin is a topical ointment with 3.5mg/gram

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90
Q

What is the dosage form of polymyxin B?

A

Polymyxin B is a topical ointment with 5000 Units/gram

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91
Q

What is the self-care indications and associated dosing for the neosporins?

A

Older than 2 years:

Prevent infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns- apply to affected area up to TID.

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92
Q

What is the MOA of bacitracin?

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by preventing the transfer of mucopeptides into the growing cell wall.

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93
Q

What is the MOA of neomycin?

A

Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding the 30S ribosomal subunits.

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94
Q

What is the MOA of polymyxin B?

A

Binds to phospholipids, alters permeability, and damages bacterial cytoplasmic membrane therefore permitting leakage of intracellular contents.

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95
Q

What are the box warnings for neosporin?

A

None

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96
Q

What are the contraindications for neosporin?

A

Hypersensitivity

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97
Q

What are the less common side effects of neosporin?

A

Dry skin, itching, redness, and burning in affected area (1-10%)

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98
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse effects of neosporin?

A

Rash and hypersensitivity (<1%)

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99
Q

What are the drug interactions with neosporin?

A

None known

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100
Q

What are the brand names for benzocaine topical?

A

Anbesol and Cepacol

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101
Q

What are the 9 different dosage forms of benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Lozenge- 3, 4, 7.5, 10, 15mg
Oral gel- 7.5, 10, 20%
Oral liquid- 10, 20%
Oral solution- 20%
Oral strip- 6%
Oral swap- 20%
Topical liquid- 2.1%
Topical ointment- 2, 5, 10, 20%
Topical spray- 2%

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102
Q

What are the self-care indications for benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Skin, mouth, throat, gum pain
Hemorrhoids
Skin irritation

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103
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for skin, mouth, throat and gum pain regarding benzocaine topical sprays (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Older than 2 years:

Skin, mouth, throat, gum pain- apply spray to affected area Q2-4H PRN (max 4 dose/day)

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104
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for throat pain regarding benzocaine topical lozenges (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Older than 5 years:

Throat pain- dissolve 1 lozenge slowly in mouth Q2-4H PRN (max 4-6 doses/day)

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105
Q

What is the MOA of benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Local anesthetic blocks both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane’s permeability to sodium ions, which results in inhibition of depolarization with resultant blockade of conduction. The penetration of benzocaine spray into intact skin is sufficient to produce an analgesic effect, but less than the amount necessary to produce a complete sensory block.

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106
Q

What are the box warnings for benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

None

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107
Q

What are the contraindications for benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Hypersensitivity secondary bacterial infection.

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108
Q

What are the less common side effects of benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Skin irritation, rash, and tenderness (1-10%)

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109
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse effects of benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Cardiac arrest, cardiac dysrhythmia, severe hypersensitivity, and methemoglobinemia (elevated methemoglobin in the blood) (<1%)

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110
Q

What are the drug interactions with benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

None known

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111
Q

What is the brand name for benzoyl peroxide?

A

Proactiv (Kendall Jenner commercial)

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112
Q

What are the dosage forms of benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

It comes in a liquid, gel, bar soap, lotion, creams, and cleaners all between 2.5-10%

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113
Q

What is the self-care indication for benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Acne Vulgaris

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114
Q

What is the self-care dosing for benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Acne vulgaris:

Topical- apply small amount to affected area 1x/day, may increase to 2-3x/day if tolerated

Cleansers- wash affected area 1-2x/day and may be used QOD if excessive dryness

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115
Q

What is the MOA of benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial, comedolytic, and sebostatic agent. It has bactericidal activity against P. acnes and S. epidermidis. It also has drying activity, reduces excess sebum, and produces mild desquamation, resolving acne lesions.

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116
Q

What are the boxing warnings for benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

None

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117
Q

What are the contraindications for benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product

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118
Q

What are the common side effects of benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Dry skin, irritation, burning sensation, itching, and peeling (>10%)

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119
Q

What are the less common side effects of benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Contact dermatitis and erythema (redness) (1-10%)

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120
Q

What are the drug interactions with benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

None known

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121
Q

What is the brand name for bifidobacterium infantis?

A

Align

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122
Q

What are the dosage forms for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

Capsules:

1 billion colony-forming Units when made and provides 10 million Units by best-by-date.
5 billion colony-forming Units when made and provides 50 million Units by best-by-date.

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123
Q

What are the self-care indications for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

GIT colonization for treatment of inflammatory GIT disorders, diarrheal illnesses, and IBS. GIT colonization during antibiotic use.

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124
Q

What is the self-care dosing for those older than 6 years of age for those with GIT colonization for treatment of inflammatory GI disorders, diarrheal illnesses, and IBS for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

6 years and older:

GIT colonization for treatment of inflammatory GI disorders, diarrheal illnesses, and IBS- 1 capsule PO daily, may increase to 10 billion Units PO daily to achieve therapeutic effects.

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125
Q

What is the self-care dosing for those older than 6 years of age for those with GIT colonization during antibiotic use for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

6 years and older:

GIT colonization during antibiotic use- 15-20 billion viable cells PO daily

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126
Q

What is the MOA for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

B. infantis is a gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium that is considered a key beneficial bacterium in human-microbe interactions and is believed to play an important role in maintaining a healthy GI tract. It is one of the most predominant members of the human GI microflora. As a probiotic, B. infantis is thought to exert its effect by suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, improving intestinal barrier function, modulating the immune system, or modulating pain perception in intestinal epithelial cells.

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127
Q

What are the box warnings for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

None

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128
Q

What are the contraindications for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product and severe acute pancreatitis.

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129
Q

What are the common side effects associated with bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

Diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal discomfort (>10%)

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130
Q

What are the less common side effects associated with the use of bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

Nausea and taste disturbances (1-10%)

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131
Q

What are drug interactions with bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

None known

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132
Q

What is the brand name for bisacodyl?

A

Dulcolax (think lax like laxative)

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133
Q

What are the dosage forms of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Enteric-coated tablet- 5mg
Rectal enema- 10mg/30mL
Suppository- 10mg`

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134
Q

What is the self-care indication and associated dosing for Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) for those 12 years or older?

A

12 years or older:

Constipation- 5-15mg PO or 10mg per rectum in a single dose

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135
Q

What is the self-care indication and associated dosing for Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) for those between the ages of 6 and 12 years?

A

6-12 years old:

Constipation- 5mg PO or per rectum once. Not for those younger than 6 years.

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136
Q

What is the MOA of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

It is a stimulant laxative that stimulates sensory nerve endings in the colon to produce parasympathetic reflexes resulting in peristalsis.

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137
Q

What the box warnings for Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

None

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138
Q

What are the contraindications for Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Hypersensitivity to bisacodyl and intestinal obstruction

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139
Q

What is the common side effect of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Abdominal pain (>10%)

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140
Q

What are the less common side effects of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Nausea, rectal burning, vertigo, and vomiting (1-10%)

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141
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse effects of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Electrolyte and fluid imbalance, metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, and hypocalcemia (<1%)

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142
Q

What is a drug interaction with Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Antacids- compromise enteric coating releasing drug before entrance into small intestine.

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143
Q

What is the brand name for Bismuth Subsalicylate?

A

Pepto-bismol or Kaopectate

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144
Q

What are the 2 dosage forms for Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)?

A
  1. Oral suspension (262mg/15mL or 525mg/15mL)
  2. Chewable tablet (262mg)
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145
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)?

A

Diarrhea, heartburn, and nausea:

12 years and older- 525 mg every 30min-1hr as needed. Maximum of 8 doses/24 hours

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146
Q

What is the MOA of Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)?

A

Bismuth subsalicylate contains 42% salicylate and 58% bismuth. Bismuth has demonstrated numerous actions in the GI tract, including antibacterial activity, protective effects on the gastric mucosa, binding of the ulcer base and mucus, and binding of bile acids. It is used for the treatment of nonspecific and acute infectious diarrhea (exerting antimicrobial and antisecretory properties) and symptoms of dyspepsia.

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147
Q

What are the box warnings on Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)?

A

None

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148
Q

What are the contraindications for Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)?

A
  1. Hypersensitivity to any component of the product
  2. Hypersensitivity to salicylates (including aspirin)
  3. Presence of GI bleeding, active ulcer, and bloody or black stool
  4. Children who have or are recovering from the flu or varicella
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149
Q

What are the common side effects of Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)?

A

Constipation, discoloration of tongue, grayish/black stools (>10%)

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150
Q

What are the less common side effects of Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)?

A

Anxiety, mental depression, confusion, headache, slurred speech, muscle spasms, weakness, hearing loss, and tinnitus (1-10%)

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151
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)?

A

Anaphylaxis, encephalopathy, and neurotoxicity (at high doses) (<1%)

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152
Q

What is the one drug interaction with Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)?

A

Tetracycline antibiotics as it decreases their absorption.

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153
Q

What are the different generic names for Black Cohosh?

A

Cimicifuga Racemosa, Bugbane, Black Snakeroot, and Rattle Weed

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154
Q

What are the different dosage forms of Black Cohosh?

A

Various forms, doses, and strengths as it is a supplement not regulated by the FDA.

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155
Q

What are the self-care indications and dosing for Black Cohosh?

A

Menopausal Symptoms:

6.5-160 mg PO Daily

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156
Q

What is the MOA of black cohosh?

A

Biologically active constituents in the black cohosh rhizome (root) include actein, cimicifugoside, resins, caffeic acids, isoferulic acids, and isoflavones. May reduce circulating levels of luteinizing hormones and stimulate dopamine receptors that in turn oppose prolactin.

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157
Q

What are the box warnings for Black Cohosh?

A

None

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158
Q

What are the contraindications for Black Cohosh?

A

Hypersensitive to product or an aspirin sensitivity

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159
Q

What is the common side effect of Black Cohosh?

A

GIT distress (>10%)

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160
Q

What are the less common side effects of Black Cohosh?

A

Headache and dizziness (1-10%)

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161
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of Black Cohosh?

A

Elevated liver functions test, liver failure, and seizures (<1%)

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162
Q

What are the drug interactions with Black Cohosh?

A

CYP3A4/5, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6
Leads to decreased substrate metabolism and increased adverse effects

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163
Q

What is the brand name for Brimonidine?

A

Lumify

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164
Q

What is the dosage form of Brimonidine (Lumify)?

A

Opthalmic solution of 0.025%

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165
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for Brimonidine (Lumify)?

A

Ocular Redness:

5 years and older- 1 drop in affected eye Q6-8Hr PRN

(max 4 doses/day)

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166
Q

What is the MOA of Brimonidine (Lumify)?

A

Brimonidine, a relatively selective alpha-adrenergic agonist, reduces aqueous humor production and increases uveoscleral outflow, which can reduce ocular redness. It is also used to lower IOP in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

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167
Q

What are the box warnings for Brimonidine (Lumify)?

A

None

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168
Q

What are the contraindications for Brimonidine (Lumify)?

A

Hypersensitivity to Brimonidine
Concurrent use with MAOIs
Less than 2 years of age

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169
Q

What are the common side effects of Brimonidine (Lumify)?

A

Allergic conjunctivitis and conjunctival discoloration (>10%)

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170
Q

What are less common side effects of Brimonidine (Lumify)?

A

Burning sensation in the eye, hypertension, xerostomia, somnolence, hypersensitivity reaction, visual disturbance (1-10%)

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171
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of Brimonidine (Lumify)?

A

Syncope and arrhythmias (<1%)

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172
Q

What are the drug interactions with Brimonidine (Lumify)?

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Taking concurrently increases the risk for CNS depression

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173
Q

What is the brand name for Budesonide Nasal?

A

There is no specific brand name.

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174
Q

What is the dosage form of Budesonide Nasal?

A

Nasal suspension with 32 mcg/actuation

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175
Q

What are the self-care indications and dosing for Budesonide Nasal for those between 6 and 11 years old?

A

Upper Respiratory Allergies:

6-11 years of age- 1 spray/nostril/day

(max 128mcg/day)

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176
Q

What are the self-care indications and dosing for Budesonide Nasal for those 12 years and older?

A

Upper Respiratory Allergies:

12 years and older- 2 sprays/nostril/day

(max 128mcg/day)

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177
Q

What is the MOA of Budesonide Nasal?

A

Budesonide is an anti-inflammatory with potent glucocorticoid and weak mineralocorticoid activity. It exhibits a broad range of active inhibition against multiple cell types and mediators involving allergic and nonallergic/irritant-mediated inflammation.

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178
Q

What are the box warnings for Budesonide Nasal?

A

None

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179
Q

What are the contraindications for Budesonide Nasal?

A

Hypersensitivity to Budesonide or milk proteins (Flexhaler)
Primary treatment of status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma.

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180
Q

What are the common side effects of Budesonide Nasal?

A

Upper respiratory tract infection (>10%)

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181
Q

What are the less common side effects of Budesonide Nasal?

A

Cough, diarrhea, dysphonia, headache, nausea, oral candidiasis, and throat irritation (1-10%)

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182
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of Budesonide Nasal?

A

Cataracts, decreased body growth, and decreased bone mineral density (<1%)

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183
Q

What are the common drug interactions with Budesonide Nasal?

A
  1. Azole antifungals and macrolides- decreases concentration of Budesonide
  2. CYP3A4/5 Inducers- Increases Budesonide metabolism therefore decreasing effectiveness
  3. CYP3A4/5 Inhibitors- Decreases Budesonide metabolism therefore increasing risk of toxicity
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184
Q

What is the brand name for Butterbur: Petasites Hybridus?

A

Petadolex

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185
Q

What is the dosing for Butterbur (Petadolex)?

A

Petasites is the purified extract rom the butterbur plant. Supplement not regulated by FDA so there are various dosing forms and doses available.

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186
Q

What are the two self-care indications for Butterbur (Petadolex)?

A

Migraine prevention and allergic rhinitis

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187
Q

What is the self-care dosing for migraine prevention with Butterbur (Petadolex) in children and adults?

A

Migraine Prevention:

Adult- 50-75 mg PO BID for up to 4 months
AND
6 or older- 25-50 mg PO BID for up to 4 months

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188
Q

What is the self-care dosing for allergic rhinitis with Butterbur (Petadolex)?

A

Allergic Rhinitis:

Adult- 8 mg PO QID

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189
Q

What is the MOA of Butterbur (Petadolex)?

A

Petasites is the active ingredient from the butterbur plant and has smooth muscle relaxant activity on vascular walls with a particular affinity for cerebral blood vessels. In allergic rhinitis, butterbur and purified petasin decrease blood concentrations of histamine and leukotrienes. They also appear to decrease priming of mast cells in response to contact with allergens.

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190
Q

What are the box warnings for Butterbur (Petadolex)?

A

None

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191
Q

What are the contraindications for Butterbur (Petadolex)?

A

Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation, and current use of anticholinergic medications

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192
Q

What are the common side effects of Butterbur (Petadolex)?

A

Nausea, flatulence, and burping (>10%)

193
Q

What are the less common side effects of Butterbur (Petadolex)?

A

Itching, rash, hot flashes, headaches, and skin discoloration (1-10%)

194
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of Butterbur (Petadolex)?

A

Anaphylaxis, elevated liver function tests, and cholestatic hepatitis (<1%)

195
Q

What are drug interactions with Butterbur (Petadolex)?

A

CYP3A4/5- Increases production of toxic metabolites

Anticholinergics- additive toxicity

196
Q

What are the brand names for caffeine?

A

NoDoz and Jet-Alert

197
Q

What are the dosage forms for OTC caffeine?

A

Oral tablet: 100 and 200 mg
Solution: 60mg/3mL

198
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for caffeine?

A

Mental alertness:

12 years and older- 100-200mg PO Q3-4Hr PRN

199
Q

What is the MOA of caffeine?

A

Caffeine increases levels of cyclic AMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase; CNS stimulant that increases medullary respiratory center sensitivity to carbon dioxide

200
Q

What are the box warnings for caffeine?

A

None

201
Q

What are the contraindications for caffeine?

A

Hypersensitivity

202
Q

What are the common side effects of caffeine?

A

Insomnia and GI upset (>10%)

203
Q

What are the less common side effects of caffeine?

A

Irritability, restlessness, palpitations, and miosis (1-10%)

204
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of caffeine?

A

Ventricular arrhythmias, sinus tachycardia, chest pain, and flushing (<1%)

205
Q

What is the brand name for calcium carbonate?

A

Tums

206
Q

What are the 4 different dosage forms for calcium carbonate (tums)?

A
  1. Tablet- 364, 648, 1250, 1500 mg
  2. Chewable tablet- 260, 420, 500, 750, 1250 mg
  3. Capsule- 200, 364, 1250 mg
  4. Suspension- 1250 mg/5 mL
207
Q

What are the 2 self-care indications for calcium carbonate (tums)?

A

Antacid and Dietary supplementation

208
Q

What is the self-care dosing for calcium carbonate (tums) used as an antacid for those 12 years and older?

A

Antacid:
12 years and older: 2-4 tablets PO Q2H PRN (max 8g/24 hours)

209
Q

What is the self-care dosing for calcium carbonate (tums) used as an antacid for between 6 and 11 years old?

A

Antacid:
6-11 years old: 364 mg PO Q2Hr PRN (max 966mg/24hr)

210
Q

What is the self-care dosing for calcium carbonate (tums) used as an antacid for those 2 to 5 years old?

A

Antacid:
2-5 years old: 161 mg PO Q2H PRN (max 483mg/24 hr)

211
Q

How is calcium carbonate (tums) doses when used as a dietary supplement?

A

Look at preface card with the age-specific RDA requirements.

212
Q

What is the MOA of calcium carbonate (tums)?

A

Calcium salts neutralize gastric acidity.

213
Q

What are the box warnings for calcium carbonate (tums)?

A

None

214
Q

What are the contraindications for calcium carbonate (tums)?

A

Hypersensitivity, hypercalcemia, renal calculi, hypophosphatemia, and patients with suspected digoxin toxicity.

215
Q

What are the common side effects of calcium carbonate (tums)?

A

Diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, and constipation (>10%)

216
Q

What are the less common side effects of calcium carbonate (tums)?

A

Nausea, vomiting, headache, and dehydration (1-10%)

217
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of calcium carbonate (tums)?

A

Electrolyte and fluid imbalance (<1%)

218
Q

What are the common drug interactions with calcium carbonate (tums)?

A
  1. Quinolone Antibiotics- decreased absorption of quinolones by chelation with calcium carbonate
  2. Bisphosphonates- decreased bisphosphonate absorption
  3. Iron- calcium reduces iron absorption
219
Q

What is the brand name for calcium polycarbophil?

A

FiberCon

220
Q

What is the dosage form for calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)?

A

Tablet as 625 mg

221
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)?

A

Laxative and antidiarrheal:

12 years and older: 1250mg PO up to 4x per day.

Not recommended for those under 12 years of age.

222
Q

What is the MOA of calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)?

A

Polycarbophil (calcium polycarbophil) is a hydrophilic resin capable of absorbing 60 times its original weight in water. It is not absorbed and is metabolically inert. In the treatment of diarrhea, polycarbophil absorbs free fecal water, forming a gel and producing formed stools. As a bulk laxative, it retains free water, increasing luminal pressure and peristalsis and decreasing transit time.

223
Q

What are the box warnings for calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)?

A

None

224
Q

What are the contraindications for calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product
Diagnosed or suspected bowel obstruction and difficulty swallowing

225
Q

What are the common side effects of calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)?

A

Diarrhea, cramping, abdominal pain, and constipation (>10%)

226
Q

What are the less common side effects of calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)?

A

Nausea, vomiting, and dehydration (1-10%)

227
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)?

A

Electrolyte and fluid imbalance (<1%)

228
Q

What are the common drug interactions with calcium polycarbophil (FiberCon)?

A
  1. Quinolone antibiotics- decreased absorption of quinolones by chelation with calcium
  2. Bisphosphonates- decreased bisphosphonate absorption
  3. Iron products- calcium reduces iron absorption
229
Q

What is the brand name for Cannabidiol (Cannabis Sativa)?

A

CBD

230
Q

What is the dosage forms of cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

Not regulated by the FDA therefore a variety of dosage forms and doses exist.

231
Q

What are the two self-care indications for cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

Nausea and vomiting
Pain

232
Q

What is the self-care dosing for nausea and vomiting with cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

Nausea and vomiting:

2.5 mg/ kg PO BID

233
Q

What is the self-care dosing for pain with cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

Pain:

2.5 mg/ kg PO BID

234
Q

What is the MOA of cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

Promotes analgesia, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, antidepressant, and antiemetic effects by activating serotonin 5-HT1a.

235
Q

What are the box warnings for cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

None

236
Q

What are the contraindications for cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

Hypersensitivity

237
Q

What are the common side effects of cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

Drowsiness, lethargy, sedation, fatigue, malaise, rash, weight loss, diarrhea, and elevated liver function tests (>10%)

238
Q

What are the less common side effects of cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

Agitation, irritability, and aggressive behavior (1-10%)

239
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

Erythema, pruritus, and angioedema

240
Q

What are the common drug interactions with cannabidiol (CBD)?

A

CYP2C19 substrates: Competitive inhibition of CYP2C19 metabolism by cannabidiol therefore reducing metabolism of substrates.

241
Q

What is the brand name for capsaicin?

A

Capsaicin-P and Zostrix

242
Q

What are the dosage forms for capsaicin?

A
  1. Topical patch- 0.025, 0.0375, 0.05%
  2. Topical pad- 0.025%
  3. Topical Cream- 0.025, 0.037, 0.075, 0.1%
  4. Topical Gel- 0.025%
  5. Topical lotion- 0.025, 0.15%
243
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for capsaicin?

A

Minor Pain:

Older than 12 years: Apply 1 patch or thin layer to affected area 3-4x/ day for 7 days. Patch must remain in place for 8 hours.

244
Q

What is the MOA of capsaicin?

A

Capsaicin is an agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor, found in nociceptive nerve fibers. Activation of TRPV1 by capsaicin results in depolarization, initiation of action potential, and pain signal transmission to the spinal cord, and subsequent desensitization and inhibition of pain transmission initiation.

245
Q

What is the box warning for capsaicin?

A

None

246
Q

What are the contraindications for capsaicin?

A

Hypersensitivity to capsaicin or chili peppers.

247
Q

What are the common side effects of capsaicin?

A

Local erythema and pain (>10%)

248
Q

What are the less common side effects of capsaicin?

A

Dry skin, pruritus, and burning in affected areas (1-10%)

249
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of capsaicin?

A

Severe rash and hypersensitivity (<1%)

250
Q

What are the drug interactions with capsaicin?

A

None known

251
Q

What is the brand name for carbamide peroxide?

A

Debrox

252
Q

What is the dosage form for carbamide peroxide (Debrox)?

A

Otic solution at 6.5%

253
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for carbamide peroxide (Debrox)?

A

Aid in earwax removal:

12 years and older: 5-10 drops BID up to 4 days

254
Q

What is the MOA of carbamide peroxide (Debrox)?

A

Carbamide peroxide breaks down into hydrogen peroxide and urea. Hydrogen peroxide subsequently releases oxygen, causing foaming on contact with wax and loosening and softening impacted cerumen.

255
Q

What are the box warnings for carbamide peroxide (Debrox)?

A

None

256
Q

What are the contraindications for carbamide peroxide (Debrox)?

A

Hypersensitivity, age less than 3 years, ear injury, ear surgery in the past 6 weeks, presence of tympanostomy tubes, and presence of discharge from ear or ear pain.

257
Q

What are the common side effects of carbamide peroxide (Debrox)?

A

None known

258
Q

What are the less common side effects of carbamide peroxide (Debrox)?

A

Local erythema and pain (1-10%)

259
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of carbamide peroxide (Debrox)?

A

Severe rash, hypersensitivity, and super-infection (<1%)

260
Q

What are the drug interactions with carbamide peroxide (Debrox)?

A

None known

261
Q

What is the brand name for Cetirizine?

A

Zyrtec

262
Q

What are the dosing forms for cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A
  1. Oral solution: 1mg/mL
  2. Tablet: 5, 10mg
  3. Chewable tablet: 5, 10mg
  4. liquid-filled capsule: 10mg
  5. Disintegrating oral tablet: 10mg
263
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for cetirizine (Zyrtec) for those 6 years or older?

A

Perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis:

6 years or older: 5-10 mg PO daily

264
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for cetirizine (Zyrtec) for those between the ages of 2 and 5 years?

A

Perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis:

2-5 years old: 2.5-5 mg PO daily

265
Q

What is the MOA of cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

Cetirizine is a low-sedating, long-acting H1-receptor antagonist that is a metabolite of hydroxyzine. Cetirizine competitively inhibits the interaction of histamine with H1-receptors, thereby preventing the allergic response.

266
Q

What are the box warning for cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

None

267
Q

What are the contraindications for cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

Hypersensitivity to cetirizine or hydroxyzine

268
Q

What are the common side effects of cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

Drowsiness and headache (>10%)

269
Q

What are the less common side effects of cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

Sedation, dry mouth, fatigue, pharyngitis, dizziness, and nausea (1-10%)

270
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A

None known

271
Q

What are the common drug interactions with cetirizine (Zyrtec)?

A
  1. CNS Depressants (ie: opioids, BZs, and alcohol)- possible increase in sedative effects
  2. P-glycoprotein inducers- increase cetirizine transport reducing cetirizine effectiveness
  3. P-glycoprotein inhibitor- decrease cetirizine transport increasing risk of toxicity
272
Q

What is the brand name for chlorpheniramine?

A

Chlor-Trimeton

273
Q

What are the dosage form of chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A
  1. Tablet: 4mg
  2. ER tablet: 12mg
  3. Syrup: 2mg/5mL
  4. Liquid: 2mg/1mL
274
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) for those 12 years and older?

A

Allergic rhinitis:

12 years and older: Immediate release 4 mg Q4-6H PRN and ER 12 mg Q12H PRN (max 24mg/ 24hr)

275
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton) for those between the ages of 6 and 12 years?

A

Allergic rhinitis:

6-12 years old: Immediate release 2 mg Q4-6Hr PRN (max 12mg/ 24 hr)

276
Q

What is the MOA of chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)

A

Chlorpheniramine specifically blocks the H1-receptor, which inhibits the action of histamine.

277
Q

What are the box warnings for chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)

A

None

278
Q

What are the contraindications for chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Narrow-angle glaucoma, bladder obstruction, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and use during acute asthma attacks

279
Q

What are the common side effects of chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)

A

Somnolence (>10%)

280
Q

What are the less common side effects of chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Headache, fatigue, xerostomia, diplopia, abdominal pain, and urinary retention (1-10%)

281
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)?

A

Arrhythmias, hypersensitivity, and seizures (<1%)

282
Q

What are the common drug interactions with chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)

A
  1. BZs, Barbs, Opioids, and centrally acting muscle relaxants- additive CNS depression
  2. Amantadine, glycopyrrolate, scopolamine, and tiotropium- additive anticholinergic adverse effects
283
Q

What is the brand name for cholecalciferol?

A

Vitamin D3 and D-Vi-Sol

284
Q

What are the dosage forms of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A
  1. Tablet: 400, 800, 1000, 2000, 3000, 5000, 10,000, 50,000 Units
  2. Chewable tablet: 400, 2000 Units
  3. Capsule: 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000, 25,000, 50,000 Units
  4. Liquid: 400 units/mL, 5000 units/mL
285
Q

What is the self-card indication and dosing of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

Dietary supplementation:

See preface card for age-specific RDA requirements

286
Q

What is the MOA of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

Cholecalciferol is metabolized to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (calcitriol), which binds to the intracellular vitamin D receptor to activate vitamin D response elements within target genes and is required for calcium homeostasis.

287
Q

What are the box warnings for cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

None

288
Q

What are the contraindications for cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

Hypercalcemia, hypersensitivity malabsorption syndrome, and evidence of vitamin D toxicity.

289
Q

What are the common side effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

None known

290
Q

What are the less common side effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

Gi Distress (1-10%)

291
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A

Hypercalcemia resulting in headaches, nausea, vomiting, lethargy, and arrhythmias (<1%)

292
Q

What are the common drug interactions with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3)?

A
  1. Multivitamins and vitamin D analogues- increase risk of vitamin D toxicity
  2. Aluminum hydroxide and sucralfate- increased aluminum absorption and toxicity
  3. Bile acid sequestrants and orlistat- reduced vitamin D absorption
293
Q

What is the brand name for clotrimazole?

A

Lotrimin AF

(He got fungus as fuck)

294
Q

What are the dosage forms for clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)?

A
  1. Topical cream- 1%
  2. Vaginal cream- 1, 2%
  3. Ointment- 1%
  4. Topical solution- 1%
295
Q

What are the 2 self-care indications for clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF) use?

A

Skin fungal infections like jock itch, ringworm, and athlete’s foot
Vulvovaginal candidiasis

296
Q

What is the dosing for clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF) used for skin fungal infections?

A

Skin fungal infections:

Older than 2 years of age: Apply to affected area BID for 2 weeks for jock itch and 4 weeks for ringworm and athlete’s foot.

297
Q

What is the dosing for clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF) when used for vulvovaginal candidiasis?

A

Vulvovaginal candidiasis:

Older than 12 years: Insert 1 application full of cream vaginally daily for 7 days for 1% cream and for 3 days for 2% cream

298
Q

What is the MOA for clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)?

A

Clotrimazole inhibits biosynthesis of ergosterol or other sterols, damaging the fungal cell wall membrane and altering its permeability.

299
Q

What are the box warnings for clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)?

A

None

300
Q

What are the contraindications for clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)?

A

Hypersensitivity

301
Q

What are the common side effects of clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)?

A

None known

302
Q

What are the less common side effects of clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)?

A

Dry skin and burning in affected area (1-10%)

303
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)?

A

Rash, hypersensitivity, and vaginal discharge (<1%)

304
Q

What are the common drug interactions with clotrimazole (Lotrimin AF)?

A

None known

305
Q

What is the brand name for colloidal oatmeal?

A

Aveeno

306
Q

What are the dosage forms for colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)?

A

Topical creams, lotions, ointments, and bath products

307
Q

What are the self-care indications and dosing for colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)?

A

Dry skin, pruritus, and eczema:

Older than 2 years: apply products topically to affected areas PRN. May apply many times daily PRN. As a bath product, add to a warm bath and soak.

308
Q

What is the MOA of colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)?

A

Colloidal oatmeal, extracted from natural oats, has a high concentration of starches and beta-glucan, and has protective and water-holding functions, providing moisturizing activity. It also contains various phenols that confer antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, providing temporary relief from pruritus.

309
Q

What are the box warnings for colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)?

A

None

310
Q

What are the contraindications for colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product

311
Q

What are the common side effects of colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)?

A

Local skin irritation, inflammation, and dryness (>10%)

312
Q

What are the less common side effects of colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)?

A

Rash (1-10%)

313
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)?

A

None known

314
Q

What are the drug interactions with colloidal oatmeal (Aveeno)?

A

None known

315
Q

What is the brand name for cromolyn sodium?

A

NasalCrom

316
Q

What is the dosage form for cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)?

A

Nasal inhaler with 5.2 mg/ activation

317
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)?

A

Perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis prevention or treatment:

2 years and older: 1 spray/nostril 3-4x/day (Q4-6H) up to 1 week prior to contact with allergen.

max of 6x/day

318
Q

What is the MOA of cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)?

A

Cromolyn reduces symptoms associated with rhinitis by producing mast-cell protective effects against antigen-antibody reactions (IgE-type) and blocking liberation of mediators of anaphylaxis, such as histamine.

319
Q

What are the box warnings for cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)?

A

None

320
Q

What are the contraindications for cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product

321
Q

What are the common side effects of cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)?

A

Sneezing, bruning, stinging, or irritation inside the nose (>10%)

322
Q

What are the less common side effects of cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)?

A

Headache, unpleasant taste in mouth, hoarseness, cough, and post nasal drip (1-10%)

323
Q

What is the rare but serious side effect of cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)?

A

Epistaxis

324
Q

What are the drug interactions with cromolyn sodium (NasalCrom)?

A

None known

325
Q

What is the brand name for cryotherapy?

A

Dr. Scholl’s Freeze away

326
Q

What are the dosage forms for cryotherapy (Dr. Scholl’s Freeze away)?

A

Topical aerosol with application. Aerosol coolant could be either dimethyl ether or propane)

327
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for cryotherapy (Dr. Scholl’s Freeze away)?

A

Wart Removal:

Older than 4 years of age: follow manufacturer instructions. Generally apply cooled applicator to wart for 10-20 seconds once. If wart is not removed, repeat 2 weeks later up to 4 times.

328
Q

What is the MOA of cryotherapy (Dr. Scholl’s Freeze away)?

A

Cryotherapy selectively necroses wart tissue by reducing the temperature of cells infected with viruses that cause warts.

329
Q

What are the box warnings for cryotherapy (Dr. Scholl’s Freeze away)?

A

None

330
Q

What are the contraindications for cryotherapy (Dr. Scholl’s Freeze away)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of product
Do not use in those under 4 years old

331
Q

What are the common side effects of cryotherapy (Dr. Scholl’s Freeze away)?

A

Burning or stinging sensation at site of admin (>10%)

332
Q

What are the less common side effects of cryotherapy (Dr. Scholl’s Freeze away)?

A

Skin irritation and bleeding (1-10%)

333
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of cryotherapy (Dr. Scholl’s Freeze away)?

A

Thermal burns with inappropriate use (<1%)

334
Q

What is the brand name for dextromethorphan?

A

Delsym, Robitussin, and Triaminic

335
Q

What are the dosage forms for Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic)?

A
  1. Oral capsule- 15mg
  2. Oral tablet- 15mg
  3. Oral lozenge- 5mg
  4. Oral Gel, Liquid, Syrup- 5mg/5mL, 7.5mg/5mL, 10mg/5mL, 12.5mg/mL
  5. ER liquid- 30mg/5mL
  6. Oral strip- 7.5mg
336
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic) for those 12 years and older?

A

Cough:

12 and older:
-Immediate release 10-20mg PO Q4H PRN or 20-30mg PO Q6-8H PRH
-ER 60mg PO BID

(max 120mg/day)

337
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic) for those between the ages of 6 and 12 years?

A

Cough:

6-12 years:
-Immediate release 10mg PO Q4H PRN
-ER 30mg PO BID

(max 60mg/day)

338
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic) for those between the ages of 4 and 6 years?

A

Cough:

4-6 years:
-immediate release 5mg PO Q4H PRN

(max 30mg/day)

339
Q

What is the MOA of Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic)?

A

Dextromethorphan is the D-isomer of levorphanol (a codeine analogue). It has no analgesic or addictive properties but suppresses cough by depressing the cough center in the medulla oblongata.

340
Q

What are the box warnings for Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic)?

A

None

341
Q

What are the contraindications for Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the production and concurrent use for MAOIs or use within 2 weeks of discontinuing MAOIs

342
Q

What are the common side effects of Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic)?

A

None known

343
Q

What are the less common side effects of Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic)?

A

Confusion, excitement, irritability, dizziness, and nervousness (1-10%)

344
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic)?

A

Rash and serotonin syndrome (<1%)

345
Q

What are the common drug interactions with Dextromethorphan (Delsym, Robitussin, Triaminic)?

A
  1. MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, sibutramine, and antipsychotics- Increased risk for serotonin syndrome
  2. CYP2D6 Inducers- increased metabolism of dextromethorphan therefore decreased efficacy
  3. CYP2D6 Inhibitors- decreased metabolism of dextromethorphan therefore increased toxicity
346
Q

What is the brand name for diclofenac topical?

A

Voltaren or Aleve Arthritis Pain Gel

347
Q

What is the dosage form for diclofenac topical (Voltaren)?

A

Gel as 1%

348
Q

What are the 2 self-care indications for diclofenac topical (Voltaren)?

A

Osteoarthritis and Pain

349
Q

What is the self-care dosing for diclofenac topical (Voltaren) when used for osteoarthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis:

Apply to affected area up to QID PRN and use dosing card to measure 2.25inches for upper body areas and 4.5inches for lower body areas

350
Q

What is the self-care dosing indication for diclofenac topical (Voltaren) when used for pain?

A

Pain:

Apply to affected are QID PRN and use dosing card to measure 2-4inches depending on affected area

351
Q

What is the MOA for diclofenac topical (Voltaren)?

A

Nonselective inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2).

352
Q

What is the box warning for diclofenac topical (Voltaren)?

A

Cardiovascular risk, GI risk, and Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)

353
Q

What is the contraindication for diclofenac topical (Voltaren)?

A

Hypersensitivity to diclofenac
Concurrent ketorolac use
Asthma
Allergic-type reaction following other NSAID use
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

354
Q

What are the common drug interactions with diclofenac topical (Voltaren)?

A

Application site pain, itching, rash, and xeroderma (>10%)

355
Q

What are the less common side effects of diclofenac topical (Voltaren)?

A

Diarrhea and headache (1-10%)

356
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of diclofenac topical (Voltaren)?

A

Vasodilation, skin cancer, and hypertonia (<1%)

357
Q

What are the 16 common drug interactions with diclofenac topical (Voltaren)?

A
  1. Aspirin
  2. Low-molecular weight Heparins
  3. SSRIs
  4. NSAIDs
  5. Pentoxifylline
  6. ACEIs
  7. ARBs
  8. Beta-blockers
  9. Diuretics (loop and thiazide)
  10. Cholestyramine
  11. Most CYP inducers
  12. Most CYP inhibitors
  13. Pemetrexed
  14. Sulfonylureas
  15. Warfarin
  16. Cyclosporine
  17. Tacrolimus
358
Q

What is the brand name for dimenhydrinate?

A

Dramamine

359
Q

What is the dosing form for dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)?

A

Oral tablet as 50mg and chewable tablet as 50mg

360
Q

What is the self-care indication for dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)?

A

Prevention and treatment of motion sickness

361
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) for those 12 years and older?

A

Prevention and treatment of motion sickness

12 years and older: 50-100mg PO 30-60 minutes before departure and may repeat Q4-6H PRN

(max 400mg/day)

362
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) for those between the ages of 6 and 12 years?

A

Prevention and treatment of motion sickness:

6-12 years: 25-50mg PO 30-60 minutes before departure and may repeat Q6-8H

(max 150mg/day)

363
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) for those between the ages of 2 and 6 years old?

A

Prevention and treatment of motion sickness:

2-6 years: 12.5-25mg 30-60 minutes before departure and may repeat Q6-8H PRN

(max 75mg/day)

364
Q

What is the MOA of dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)?

A

Dimenhydrinate is a salt of 2 drugs, diphenhydramine (53-55.5%) and 8-chlorotheophylline (44-47%). The efficacy of dimenhydrinate in motion sickness is related to effects on labyrinthine function, and it has been shown to inhibit the vestibular system. It competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the GI tract and blocks chemoreceptor trigger zone.

365
Q

What is the box warning for dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)?

A

None

366
Q

What are the contraindications for dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)?

A

Hypersensitivity to dimenhydrinate or diphenhydramine

367
Q

What are the common side effects of dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)?

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, nervousness, and restlessness (>10%)

368
Q

What are the less common side effects of dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)?

A

Headache, dry mouth, fatigue, nausea, excitation, and insomnia (1-10%)

369
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)?

A

Hypersensitivity, rash, dysuria, and tachycardia (<1%)

370
Q

What are the common drug interactions with dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)?

A
  1. CNS depressants (opioids, BZs, alcohol)- increase in sedation
  2. Anticholinergics- enhanced anticholinergic effects
371
Q

What is the brand name for diphenhydramine systemic?

A

Benadryl and ZzzQuil

372
Q

What are the dosage forms for diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil)?

A
  1. Oral tablet and capsule- 25, 50mg
  2. Chewable tablet- 12.5, 25mg
  3. Oral liquid- 12.5mg/5mL, 50mg/3mL
373
Q

What are the self-care indications for diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil)?

A

Allergic reactions, cough, sleep, and motion sickness

374
Q

What is the self-care dosing for diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil) when used for allergic reactions in those 12 years and older?

A

Allergic reactions:

12 years and older: 25-50mg PO Q4-6H

(max 300mg/day)

375
Q

What is the self-care dosing for diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil) when used for allergic reactions in those between the ages of 6 and 12 years?

A

Allergic reaction:

6-12 years: 25 mg PO Q4-6H

(max 150mg/day)

376
Q

What is the self-care dosing for diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil) when used for a cough in those 12 years and older?

A

Cough:

12 years and older: 25 mg PO Q4H

(max 150mg/day)

377
Q

What is the self-care dosing for diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil) when used for a cough in those between the ages of 6 and 12 years?

A

Cough:

6-12 years: 12.5 mg Q4H PRN

(max 75mg/day)

378
Q

What is the self-care dosing for diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil) when used for sleep in those 12 years and older?

A

Sleep:

12 and older: 50 mg PO HS PRN, given 20-30 minutes before bedtime

379
Q

What is the self-care dosing for diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil) when used for motion sickness in those 12 years and older?

A

Motion sickness:

12 and older: 50 mg PO Q6-8H, give first dose 30 minutes before travel

380
Q

What is the MOA of diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil)?

A

Diphenhydramine competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the GI tract, CNS, and blocks chemoreceptor trigger zone.

381
Q

What are the box warnings for diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil)?

A

None

382
Q

What are the contraindications for diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil)?

A

Hypersensitivity to dimenhydrinate or diphenhydramine

383
Q

What are the common side effects of diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil)?

A

Dizziness, dowsiness, nervousness, and restlessness (>10%)

384
Q

What are the less common side effects of diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil)?

A

Headache, dry mouth, fatigue, nausea, excitation, insomnia, and constipation (1-10%)

385
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil)?

A

Chest tightness, hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, hypersensitivity, rash, and urinary retention (<1%)

386
Q

What are the common drug interactions with diphenhydramine (Benadryl and ZzzQuil)?

A
  1. CNS depressants (BZs, opioids, and alcohol)_ increase sedation effects
  2. Anticholinergics- additive anticholinergic effect
  3. CYP2D6 Substrates- decreased metabolism of substrates leading to increased toxicity
387
Q

What is the brand name from Diphenhydramine topical?

A

Benadryl

388
Q

What are the dosage forms for Diphenhydramine topical (Benadryl)?

A
  1. Cream- 1,2%
  2. Topical Gel-2%
  3. Solution- 2%
  4. Stick-2%
389
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for Diphenhydramine topical (Benadryl)?

A

Pruritus:

2 years and older: Apply thin layer TID-QID PRN

390
Q

What is the MOA of Diphenhydramine topical (Benadryl)?

A

Diphenhydramine competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites.

391
Q

What are the box warnings for Diphenhydramine topical (Benadryl)?

A

None

392
Q

What are the contraindications for Diphenhydramine topical (Benadryl)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product

393
Q

What are the common side effects of Diphenhydramine topical (Benadryl)?

A

Photosensitivity (>10%)

394
Q

What are the less common side effects of Diphenhydramine topical (Benadryl)?

A

Rash, drowsiness, and urticaria (1-10%)

395
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of Diphenhydramine topical (Benadryl)?

A

None known

396
Q

What are the drug interactions with Diphenhydramine topical (Benadryl)?

A

None known

397
Q

What is the brand name for docosanol?

A

Abreva

398
Q

What is the dosage form for docosanol (Abreva)?

A

Topical cream of 10%

399
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for docosanol (Abreva)?

A

Herpes simplex virus (cold sore, fever blister):

12 years and older: apply thin layer to affected area 5x/day for up to 10 days starting at the first sign of lesion and continuing until healed.

400
Q

What is the MOA for docosanol (Abreva)?

A

Docosanol inhibits viruses that enter cells by fusion with the plasma membrane of the cell. It inhibits entry of the virus into the cell and fusion between the plasma membrane and the viral envelope. As the virion is not able to migrate into the nucleus of the cell, viral replication is blocked. Docosanol has no direct viricidal activity.

401
Q

What is the box warning for docosanol (Abreva)?

A

None

402
Q

What are the contraindications for docosanol (Abreva)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product.

403
Q

What are the common side effects for docosanol (Abreva)?

A

None known

404
Q

What are the less common side effects of docosanol (Abreva)?

A

Burning or stinging at site of admin, pruritus, and drying of skin (1-10%)

405
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of docosanol (Abreva)?

A

Hypersensitivity (<1%)

406
Q

What are the drug interactions with docosanol (Abreva)?

A

None known

407
Q

What is the brand name for docusate?

A

Colace

408
Q

What are the dosage forms for docusate (Colace)?

A
  1. Oral capsule- 100, 250mg (sodium salt), 240mg (calcium salt)
  2. Liquid- 50mg/5mL, 100mg/5mL (sodium salt)
  3. Syrup- 60mg/15mL (sodium salt)
  4. Oral tablet- 100mg (sodium salt)
  5. Rectal enema- 100mg/5mL, 283mg/5mL (sodium salt)
409
Q

What is the self-care indication for docosanol (Abreva)?

A

Constipation

410
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for docosanol (Abreva) for those 12 years and older?

A

Constipation:

12 and older: 50-360mg (sodium) PO daily in 1 or 2 divided doses or 240mg PO daily (calcium)

411
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for docosanol (Abreva) for those 6 to 12 years old?

A

Constipation:

6-12 years: 40-120mg PO daily in 1-4 divided doses (sodium)

412
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for docosanol (Abreva) for those 2 to 6 years old?

A

Constipation:

2-6 years: 50-150mg PO daily in 1-4 divided doses

413
Q

What is the MOA of docusate (Colace)?

A

Docusate is an anionic surfactant that acts as a stool softener; it is believed to stimulate intestinal secretion and increase the penetration of fluid into the stool by emulsifying feces, water, and fat.

414
Q

What are the box warnings for docusate (Colace)?

A

None

415
Q

What are the contraindications for docusate (Colace)?

A

Hypersensitivity to docusate and/or intestinal obstruction

416
Q

What are the common side effects of docusate (Colace)?

A

Abdominal cramps and bitter taste (>10%)

417
Q

What are the less common side effects for docusate (Colace)?

A

Nausea and throat irritation (1-10%)

418
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects for docusate (Colace)?

A

None known

419
Q

What are the drug interactions for docusate (Colace)?

A

None known

420
Q

What is the brand name for doxylamine?

A

Unisom Sleep Tabs

421
Q

What is the dosage form for doxylamine (Unisom Sleep Tabs)?

A

Oral tablet as 25mg

422
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for doxylamine (Unisom Sleep Tabs)?

A

Sleep:

12 years and older: 25mg PO HS PRN

423
Q

What is the MOA of doxylamine (Unisom Sleep Tabs)?

A

Doxylamine competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites. One of its adverse effects, sedation, is the basis for its use as a hypnotic.

424
Q

What are the box warnings for doxylamine (Unisom Sleep Tabs)?

A

None

425
Q

What are the contraindications for doxylamine (Unisom Sleep Tabs)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product

426
Q

What are the common side effect of doxylamine (Unisom Sleep Tabs)?

A

Dizziness, drowsiness, nervousness, and restlessness (>10%)

427
Q

What are the less common side effects of doxylamine (Unisom Sleep Tabs)?

A

Headache, dry mouth, fatigue, nausea, excitation, insomnia, constipation, and blurry vision (1-10%)

428
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of doxylamine (Unisom Sleep Tabs)?

A

Chest tightness, hypotension, palpitation, tachycardia, hypersensitivity, rash, and urinary retention (<1%)

429
Q

What are the 2 common drug interactions with doxylamine (Unisom Sleep Tabs)?

A
  1. CNS depressants (opioids, BZs, and alcohol)- increase in sedation
  2. Anticholinergics- additive anticholinergic effects
430
Q

What is the brand name for echinacea?

A

Coneflower

431
Q

What is the dosage form of echinacea (coneflower)?

A

Capsule of 100mg extracted from E. angustifolia roots with capsule content 2.4% soluble beta-1,2-D-fructofuranosides. Not regulated by the FDA so there are variety of dosage forms and doses.

432
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for echinacea (coneflower)?

A

Treatment and prevention of upper respiratory tract infection:

Adults only: 500-1500mg PO TID for 5-7 days. Not for children

433
Q

What is the MOA of echinacea (coneflower)?

A

While the active ingredient has not been identified, Echinacea extracts may stimulate multiple cytokines and increase macrophage proliferation and phagocytosis.

434
Q

What is the box warning for echinacea (coneflower)?

A

None

435
Q

What are the contraindications for echinacea (coneflower)?

A

Hypersensitivity to coneflowers, ragweed, chrysanthemums, marigolds, daisies

Autoimmune disorders

436
Q

What are the common side effects of echinacea (coneflower)?

A

Gi distress and dizziness (>10%)

437
Q

What is the less common side effects of echinacea (coneflower)?

A

Rash (1-10%)

438
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of echinacea (coneflower)?

A

Severe hypersensitivity including angioedema, bronchospasms, and anaphylaxis.
Hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, and disease flares of autoimmune diseases

439
Q

What are the 2 drug interactions with echinacea (coneflower)?

A
  1. CYP2C9, CYP3A4/5, and CYP1A2 substrates- inhibition of metabolism of substrates leading to increased toxicity
  2. Immunosuppressants- Immunostimulation by Echinacea
440
Q

What is the brand name for esomeprazole magnesium?

A

Nexium

441
Q

What are the dosage forms for esomeprazole magnesium (Nexium)?

A

Oral capsule and delayed release capsule of 20mg

442
Q

What are the self-care indications and dosing for esomeprazole magnesium (Nexium)?

A

Treatment of frequent heartburn with symptoms for 2 days or longer per week:

Adults: 20 mg 1x day for a maximum of 14 days

443
Q

What is the MOA of esomeprazole magnesium (Nexium)?

A

Esomeprazole is a PPI that when protonated in the secretory canaliculi of the parietal cells, covalently binds to H+/K+-ATPase (proton pump), which is the final pathway for acid secretion. Esomeprazole produces a profound and prolonged antisecretory effect, and inhibits basal, nocturnal, pentagastrin-stimulated, and food-stimulated gastric acid secretion.

444
Q

What is the box warning for esomeprazole magnesium (Nexium)?

A

None

445
Q

What are the contraindications for esomeprazole magnesium (Nexium)?

A

Hypersensitivity to omeprazole or esomeprazole

446
Q

What are the common side effects for esomeprazole magnesium (Nexium)?

A

Headache (>10%)

447
Q

What are the less common side effects of esomeprazole magnesium (Nexium)?

A

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and flatulence (1-10%)

448
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of esomeprazole magnesium (Nexium)?

A

Toxic epidermal necrolysis, pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, bone fracture, rhabdomyolysis, and acute interstitial nephritis

449
Q

What are the 6 drug interactions with esomeprazole magnesium (Nexium)?

A
  1. Clopidogrel
  2. CYP2C19 Inhibitors
  3. CYP2C19 inducers
  4. CYP2C19 substrates
  5. pH-dependent drugs
  6. Warfarin
450
Q

What is the brand name for evening primrose oil?

A

Various names not a specific one

451
Q

What is the dosage form for evening primrose oil?

A

Oral oil as 20 mg that is obtained from the seed of the evening primrose flower and contains 10% gamma-linolenic acid. Not regulated by the FDA so wide variety of doses and dosage forms.

452
Q

What are the 2 self-indications for evening primrose oil?

A

Eczema and hot flashes

453
Q

What is the self-care dosing for evening primrose oil for adults with eczema?

A

Eczema:

Adults: 8-160mg PO daily of standardized evening primrose oil containing 320mg of linoleic acid, 40mg of gamma-linolenic acid, and 10 units of vitamin E

454
Q

What is the self-care dosing for evening primrose oil for children with eczema?

A

Eczema:

Children: 8-40mg PO daily

455
Q

What is the self-care dosing for evening primrose oil for adults with hot flashes?

A

Hot flashes:

Adults: 4mg PO daily

456
Q

What is the MOA of evening primrose oil?

A

Evening primrose oil’s active ingredient is thought to be GLA, an omega-6 essential fatty acid. Essential fatty acids must be obtained from the diet and cannot be synthesized. A deficit of GLA may be present in patients with atopic eczema.

457
Q

What are the box warning for evening primrose oil?

A

Bleeding disorders and bipolar disorder

458
Q

What are the contraindications for evening primrose oil?

A

Hypersensitivity

458
Q

What are the common side effects of evening primrose oil?

A

Gi distress (>10%)

459
Q

What are the less common side effects of evening primrose oil?

A

Dizziness, headaches, and anxiety (1-10%)

460
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of evening primrose oil?

A

Platelet aggregation and increased risk of bleeding, thrombotic events, seizures, depression, exacerbation of mania, and lipid pneumonia (<1%)

461
Q

What is the self-care indication and dosing for famotidine (Pepcid and Zantac 360)?

A

Indigestion and heartburn:

12 years and older: 10-20mg PO BID for up to 14 days

(max 40mg/day)

461
Q

What are the 3 common drug interactions with evening primrose oil?

A
  1. Warfarin and antiplatelet agents- increased risk of bleeding
  2. NSAIDs- increased risk for bleeding
  3. General anesthetics- increased risk of seizures
461
Q

What is the brand name for famotidine?

A

Pepcid and Zantac 360

462
Q

What are the dosage forms for famotidine (Pepcid and Zantac 360)?

A
  1. Tablet- 10, 20mg
  2. Chewable tablet- 10mg (w/antacid)
463
Q

What is the contraindications for famotidine (Pepcid and Zantac 360)?

A

Hypersensitivity to famotidine or other H2- antagonists

463
Q

What is the MOA for famotidine (Pepcid and Zantac 360)?

A

Famotidine is a competitive inhibitor of histamine H2-receptors. The primary clinically important pharmacologic activity of famotidine is inhibition of gastric secretion. Both the acid concentration and volume of gastric secretion are suppressed by famotidine, while changes in pepsin secretion are proportional to volume output.

463
Q

What is the box warning for famotidine (Pepcid and Zantac 360)?

A

None

464
Q

What are the common side effects of famotidine (Pepcid and Zantac 360)?

A

Constipation, diarrhea, nausea, and skin rash (>10%)

465
Q

What are the less common side effects of famotidine (Pepcid and Zantac 360)?

A

None known

466
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects of famotidine (Pepcid and Zantac 360)?

A

Stevens-Johnson syndrome, increased liver enzymes, and seizure (<1%)

467
Q

What are the 2 common drug interactions with famotidine (Pepcid and Zantac 360)?

A
  1. Cefpodoxime and cefuroxime- decreased antibiotic absorption due to increased gastric pH caused by H2- antagonist
  2. pH-dependent drugs- lower gastric pH reduces absorption
468
Q

What is the brand name for ferrous sulfate?

A

Feosol and Fer-in-Sol

469
Q

What are the dosage forms of ferrous sulfate (Feosol and Fer-in-sol)?

A
  1. Oral tablet- 325mg (65mg elemental Fe)
  2. ER oral tablet- 142mg (45mg of elemental Fe) and 324mg (65mg elemental Fe)
  3. Oral solution- 75mg/mL (15mg elemental Fe) and 220mg/mL (44mg elemental iron)
470
Q

What is the self-care indication for ferrous sulfate (Feosol and Fer-in-sol)?

A

Prevention and treatment of iron deficiency and anemia

471
Q

What is the self-care dosing for anemia and iron deficiency treat in those 12 years and older for ferrous sulfate (Feosol and Fer-in-sol)?

A

Anemia and iron deficiency treatment:

12 years and older: 60-100 mg elemental Fe PO BID-QID

472
Q

What is the self-care dosing for anemia and iron deficiency treat in younger than 12 years old for ferrous sulfate (Feosol and Fer-in-sol)?

A

Anemia and iron deficiency treatment:

Younger than 12 years: 4-6 mg elemental iron/kg/day PO in 3 divided doses.

473
Q

What is the self-care dosing for anemia and iron deficiency treat in premature neonates for ferrous sulfate (Feosol and Fer-in-sol)?

A

Anemia and iron deficiency treatment:

Premature neonates: 2-4 mg elemental iron/kg/day PO divided every 12-24 hours under the care of a healthcare provider

(max 15mg/day)

474
Q
A

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