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Top 100 OTC Drugs > Top 100 OTC Drugs > Flashcards

Top 100 OTC Drugs Flashcards

Brand, generic, dosage forms, self-care indications and dosing, box warnings, contraindications, adverse effects, and drug interactions

1
Q

What is the generic name of acetaminophen?

A

Tylenol

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2
Q

What are the 9 different dosage forms of tylenol?

A

Capsule (325, 500mg)
Chewable (80, 160mg)
Elixir (160mg/5mL)
Gel (160mg/5mL)
Liquids (160mg/5mL or 500mg/15mL)
Packet (160, 500mg)
Suppository (80, 120, 325, 650mg)
Tablet (325, 500, 650mg)
Tablet ER (650mg)

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3
Q

What are the self-care indications for acetaminophen?

A

Pain, headache, and fever

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4
Q

What is the self-care dosing of acetaminophen for those older than 12 years in tablet form?

A

Those greater than 12 years:

-Tablet: 325-600mg Q4-6H PO PRN or 1000mg Q6H PO PRN (max 3000-3250mg/day)

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5
Q

What is the self-care dosing of acetaminophen for those older than 12 years in tablet ER form?

A

Those greater than 12 years:

-Tablet ER: 1300mg PO Q8H PRN (max 3900mg/day)

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6
Q

What is the self-care dosing of acetaminophen in children less than 12 years old?

A

Those younger than 12 years:

-10-15mg/kg/dose PO Q4-6H PRN (max dose 5dose/day or 75mg/kg/day)

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7
Q

What is the MOA of acetaminophen?

A

Acetaminophen is a centrally acting analgesic and antipyretic with minimal anti-inflammatory properties. Its analgesic mechanism is unknown but may be through central inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

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8
Q

What are the box warnings for acetaminophen?

A

Medication error in injection only and hepatotoxicity

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9
Q

What are the contraindications (exclusion for self-care) for acetaminophen?

A

Hypersensitivity to the drug
Active acute hepatic dysfunction
Do not use with other products containing acetaminophen

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10
Q

What are the less common adverse reactions to acetaminophen?

A

Nausea and vomiting (1-10%)

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11
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse reactions to acetaminophen?

A

Steven-Johnson Syndrome and increase liver function tests

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12
Q

What are the drug interactions with acetaminophen?

A

Busulfan
Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Zidovudine, and alcohol
Warfarin

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13
Q

What is the generic name for Adapalene?

A

Differin

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14
Q

What is the dosage form of Adapalene?

A

It comes in a gel at 0.1%

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15
Q

What is the self-care indication for adapalene use?

A

Acne vulgaris

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16
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for adapalene?

A

Older than 12 years:

-Apply thin film topically to affected areas at bedtime

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17
Q

What is the MOA of adapalene?

A

Adapalene exhibits retinoic acid-like activity, reducing important features of the pathology of acne vulgaris by normalizing the differentiation of follicular epithelial cells and keratinization to prevent microcomedone formation. Adapalene enhances keratinocyte differentiation without inducing epidermal hyperplasia and severe irritation, which is associated with retinoic acid. Adapalene decreases formation of comedones and inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions.

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18
Q

What are the box warnings for adapalene?

A

None

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19
Q

What are the contraindications for adapalene use?

A

Hypersensitivity

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20
Q

What are the common adverse reactions for adapalene?

A

Dry skin, scaly skin, erytheme, burning and stinging (>10%)

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21
Q

What are the less common adverse reactions for adapalene?

A

Skin irritation, skin discomfort, pruritus (1-10%)

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22
Q

What are the rare but serious side effects for adapalene?

A

Angioedema (<1%)

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23
Q

What are the drug interactions with adapalene?

A

Photosensitizing agents

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24
Q

What is the generic name for Alpha-D-Galactosidase?

A

Beano

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25
Q

What are the dosage forms for Alpha-D-Galactosidase?

A

Chewable tablet- 150 Units
Disintegrating tablet- 300 Units

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26
Q

What are the self-care indications for Alpha-D-Galactosidase (Beano)?

A

Intestinal gas, bloating, and flatulence

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27
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for the chewable tablet for Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

Older than 12 years:

-Chewable table: 2-3 tablets PO before meal

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28
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for the disintegrating tablet for Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

Older than 12 years:

-Disintegrating tablet: 1 table PO before meal

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29
Q

What is the MOA of Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

Natural food enzyme derived from the A. niger mold that breaks down nonabsorbable complex carbohydrates in foods before they can be metabolized by colonic bacteria, resulting in less bloating and flatulence.

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30
Q

What are the box warnings for Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

None

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31
Q

What are the contraindications for Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

Hypersensitivity and patients with galactosemia (metabolic disorder interfering with the metabolism of galactose)

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32
Q

What are the side effects of Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

None known

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33
Q

What are the drug interactions with Alpha-D-Galactosidase (beano)?

A

None known

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34
Q

What are the brand names for aluminum acetate?

A

Domeboro powder, Burow solution, and Boro-packs

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35
Q

What is the dosage form for aluminum acetate in the powder pack (Domeboro powder)?

A

Each pack contain 1,347mg of aluminum sulfate and 952mg of calcium acetate. When dissolved it forms aluminum acetate

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36
Q

What is the dosage form for aluminum acetate in the topical gel form (Domeboro powder)?

A

Topical gel contain 0.2-0.5% concentration

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37
Q

What is the self-care indication for aluminum acetate?

A

Skin irritation

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38
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for aluminum acetate?

A

Older than 2 years:

Apply wet compress topically to affected area for 15-20 minutes up to TID or soak affected area in solution for 20-30 minutes Q4-8H PRN.

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39
Q

What is the MOA of aluminum acetate?

A

Aluminum acetate is a topical astringent that provides temporary relief of minor skin irritations (eg, insect bites, athlete’s foot, poison ivy/oak/sumac, and other contact dermatitis). The solution helps relieve itching, has a cooling and drying effect, and is particularly useful on wet or weeping lesions.

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40
Q

What are the box warnings for aluminum acetate?

A

None

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41
Q

What are the contraindications for aluminum acetate?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product

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42
Q

What are the common side effects associated with the use of aluminum acetate?

A

Local skin irritation, inflammation, and dryness (>10%)

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43
Q

What are the less common side effects associated with the use of aluminum acetate?

A

Rash (1-10%)

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44
Q

What are the drug interactions with aluminum acetate?

A

None known

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45
Q

What are the brand names for artificial saliva?

A

Biotene and Salivea

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46
Q

What are the different dosage forms of artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Various dosages available in the form of solutions, sprays, pastes, gels, toothpastes, lozenges, and chewing gum.

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47
Q

What different products are contained in Artificial Saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

The product contains a combination of water, electrolytes, proteins, sugars, and lubricants.

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48
Q

What are the two self-care indications for artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Xerostomia associated with hyposalivation. Mucositis associated with cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or medication use.

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49
Q

What is the MOA of artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Replaces or supplements naturally produced saliva to lubricate and protect the oral mucosa.

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50
Q

What is the self-care dosing for artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Older than 12 years:

Dosing and frequency depends on dosage form. Most products are intended to be swished and spit out. Sprays, pastes, lozenges, and some solutions may be swallowed as often as needed to relieve dry mouth symptoms.

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51
Q

What are the box warnings for artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

None

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51
Q

What are the less common side effects associated with artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Altered taste, speech, and swallowing, and nausea (1-10%)

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51
Q

What are the contraindications for artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component in the product.

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52
Q

What are the drug interactions with artificial saliva (Biotene and Salivea)?

A

None known

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52
Q

What is the brand name for artificial tears?

A

Systane

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52
Q

What are the dosage forms for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Various solutions are available

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53
Q

What products are contained within artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Water, glycerin, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and lubricants

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54
Q

What is the self-care indication for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Ocular dryness

55
Q

What is the self-care dosing for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

1-2 drops in affected eye(s) PRN for symptomatic relief.

56
Q

What is the MOA of artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Replace or supplement naturally produced tears with product that has similar moisturizing characteristics to lubricate and protect the eye and relieve burning and stinging associated with dry eyes.

57
Q

What are the box warnings for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

None

58
Q

What are the contraindications for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any product component

59
Q

What are the less common side effects of artificial tears (Systane)?

A

Blurred vision, crust development, and stinging on administration (1-10%)

60
Q

What are the drug interactions for artificial tears (Systane)?

A

None known

61
Q

What is the brand name for Aspirin?

A

Bayer and Vazalore

62
Q

What are the 7 dosage forms for aspirin?

A

Caplet- 81, 325, 500mg
Chewable tablet- 81mg
DR tablet- 81mg
Enteric coated caplet- 325mg
Enteric coated tablet- 81, 325, 650mg
Liquid-filled capsule- 81, 325mg
Tablet- 325, 500mg

63
Q

What are the self-care indications and associated dosing for aspirin?

A

Older than 12 years:

Fever- 325-650mg PO Q4-6H PRN (max 4g/day)

Generalized aches, pains, and headache- 325-650mg PO Q4H PRN (max 4g/day)

64
Q

What are the self-care indications for aspirin use?

A

Fever, generalized aches, pains, and headaches

65
Q

What is the maximum dose per day of aspirin?

A

4 grams

66
Q

What is the MOA of aspirin?

A

Aspirin inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly inhibiting platelet cyclooxygenase, and therefore preventing the production of thromboxane A(2), a powerful inducer of platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.

67
Q

What are the box warnings for aspirin?

A

None

68
Q

What are the 6 contraindications for aspirin?

A

Hypersensitivity, asthma, rhinitis, nasal polyps, inherited or acquired bleeding disorder, and those younger than 18 with viral infection.

69
Q

What are the common side effect associated with aspirin use?

A

Abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, and indigestion (>10%)

70
Q

What are the less common side effects associated with aspirin use?

A

Arthralgia (joint pain or stiffness), bleeding, bruising, and tinnitus (buzzing in ear) (1-10%)

71
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse effects associated with aspirin use?

A

Angioedema (swelling in deep layers of skin), GI hemorrhage, GI ulcer, Reye syndrome (swelling in liver and brain), and Steven-Johnson Syndrome (fatal skin rxn) (<1%)

71
Q

What are the drug interactions with aspirin?

A

NSAIDS
Anticoagulants and antiplatelets
SSRIs and SNRIs
Oral corticosteriods

72
Q

What is the brand name of Azelastine?

A

Astepro

73
Q

What is the dosage form of Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Nasal spray 0.15% (137mcg/actuation)

74
Q

What are the self-care indications and associated dosing for those older than 12 years for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Older than 12 years:

Perennial allergic rhinitis- 2 sprays/ nostril BID

Seasonal allergic rhinitis: 1-2 sprays/ nostril BID

75
Q

What are the self-care indications and associated dosing for those between the ages of 6 and 12 years for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

6-12 years old:

Perennial allergic rhinitis- 1 spray/nostril BID

Seasonal allergic rhinitis- 1 spray/ nostril BID

76
Q

What is the MOA for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Azelastine is a selective H1-receptor antagonist that blocks release of histamine from cells involved in the allergic response. It also inhibits other mediators of allergic reactions (eg, leukotrienes, etc), and reduces chemotaxis and eosinophil activation.

77
Q

What are the box warnings for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

None

78
Q

What are the contraindications for Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Hypersensitivity

79
Q

What are the common side effects associated with the use of Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Bitter taste in mouth, headache, somnolence (drowsiness), and rhinitis (>10%)

80
Q

What are the less common side effects associated with the use of Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

Fatigue, epistaxis (nose bleed), pharyngitis, and sneezing (1-10%)

81
Q

What are the drug interactions with Azelastine (Astepro)?

A

CNS depressants

82
Q

What are the brand names for Bacitracin, Neomycin, and Polymyxin B?

A

Neosporin

83
Q

What is the dosage form for bacitracin?

A

Bacitracin is a topical ointment with 400 Units/gram

84
Q

What is the dosage form for neomycin?

A

Neomycin is a topical ointment with 3.5mg/gram

85
Q

What is the dosage form of polymyxin B?

A

Polymyxin B is a topical ointment with 5000 Units/gram

86
Q

What is the self-care indications and associated dosing for the neosporins?

A

Older than 2 years:

Prevent infection in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns- apply to affected area up to TID.

87
Q

What is the MOA of bacitracin?

A

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by preventing the transfer of mucopeptides into the growing cell wall.

88
Q

What is the MOA of neomycin?

A

Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding the 30S ribosomal subunits.

89
Q

What is the MOA of polymyxin B?

A

Binds to phospholipids, alters permeability, and damages bacterial cytoplasmic membrane therefore permitting leakage of intracellular contents.

90
Q

What are the box warnings for neosporin?

A

None

91
Q

What are the contraindications for neosporin?

A

Hypersensitivity

92
Q

What are the less common side effects of neosporin?

A

Dry skin, itching, redness, and burning in affected area (1-10%)

93
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse effects of neosporin?

A

Rash and hypersensitivity (<1%)

94
Q

What are the drug interactions with neosporin?

A

None known

95
Q

What are the brand names for benzocaine topical?

A

Anbesol and Cepacol

96
Q

What are the 9 different dosage forms of benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Lozenge- 3, 4, 7.5, 10, 15mg
Oral gel- 7.5, 10, 20%
Oral liquid- 10, 20%
Oral solution- 20%
Oral strip- 6%
Oral swap- 20%
Topical liquid- 2.1%
Topical ointment- 2, 5, 10, 20%
Topical spray- 2%

96
Q

What are the self-care indications for benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Skin, mouth, throat, gum pain
Hemorrhoids
Skin irritation

97
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for skin, mouth, throat and gum pain regarding benzocaine topical sprays (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Older than 2 years:

Skin, mouth, throat, gum pain- apply spray to affected area Q2-4H PRN (max 4 dose/day)

98
Q

What is the self-care dosing protocol for throat pain regarding benzocaine topical lozenges (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Older than 5 years:

Throat pain- dissolve 1 lozenge slowly in mouth Q2-4H PRN (max 4-6 doses/day)

99
Q

What is the MOA of benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Local anesthetic blocks both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane’s permeability to sodium ions, which results in inhibition of depolarization with resultant blockade of conduction. The penetration of benzocaine spray into intact skin is sufficient to produce an analgesic effect, but less than the amount necessary to produce a complete sensory block.

100
Q

What are the box warnings for benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

None

101
Q

What are the contraindications for benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Hypersensitivity secondary bacterial infection.

101
Q

What are the less common side effects of benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Skin irritation, rash, and tenderness (1-10%)

102
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse effects of benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

Cardiac arrest, cardiac dysrhythmia, severe hypersensitivity, and methemoglobinemia (elevated methemoglobin in the blood) (<1%)

103
Q

What are the drug interactions with benzocaine topical (Anbesol and Cepacol)?

A

None known

104
Q

What is the brand name for benzoyl peroxide?

A

Proactiv (Kendall Jenner commercial)

105
Q

What are the dosage forms of benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

It comes in a liquid, gel, bar soap, lotion, creams, and cleaners all between 2.5-10%

106
Q

What is the self-care indication for benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Acne Vulgaris

107
Q

What is the self-care dosing for benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Acne vulgaris:

Topical- apply small amount to affected area 1x/day, may increase to 2-3x/day if tolerated

Cleansers- wash affected area 1-2x/day and may be used QOD if excessive dryness

108
Q

What is the MOA of benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Benzoyl peroxide is an antibacterial, comedolytic, and sebostatic agent. It has bactericidal activity against P. acnes and S. epidermidis. It also has drying activity, reduces excess sebum, and produces mild desquamation, resolving acne lesions.

109
Q

What are the boxing warnings for benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

None

110
Q

What are the contraindications for benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product

111
Q

What are the common side effects of benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Dry skin, irritation, burning sensation, itching, and peeling (>10%)

112
Q

What are the less common side effects of benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

Contact dermatitis and erythema (redness) (1-10%)

112
Q

What are the drug interactions with benzoyl peroxide (Proactiv)?

A

None known

112
Q

What is the brand name for bifidobacterium infantis?

A

Align

113
Q

What are the dosage forms for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

Capsules:

1 billion colony-forming Units when made and provides 10 million Units by best-by-date.
5 billion colony-forming Units when made and provides 50 million Units by best-by-date.

114
Q

What are the self-care indications for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

GIT colonization for treatment of inflammatory GIT disorders, diarrheal illnesses, and IBS. GIT colonization during antibiotic use.

114
Q

What is the self-care dosing for those older than 6 years of age for those with GIT colonization for treatment of inflammatory GI disorders, diarrheal illnesses, and IBS for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

6 years and older:

GIT colonization for treatment of inflammatory GI disorders, diarrheal illnesses, and IBS- 1 capsule PO daily, may increase to 10 billion Units PO daily to achieve therapeutic effects.

115
Q

What is the self-care dosing for those older than 6 years of age for those with GIT colonization during antibiotic use for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

6 years and older:

GIT colonization during antibiotic use- 15-20 billion viable cells PO daily

116
Q

What is the MOA for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

B. infantis is a gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium that is considered a key beneficial bacterium in human-microbe interactions and is believed to play an important role in maintaining a healthy GI tract. It is one of the most predominant members of the human GI microflora. As a probiotic, B. infantis is thought to exert its effect by suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, improving intestinal barrier function, modulating the immune system, or modulating pain perception in intestinal epithelial cells.

116
Q

What are the box warnings for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

None

117
Q

What are the contraindications for bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

Hypersensitivity to any component of the product and severe acute pancreatitis.

117
Q

What are the common side effects associated with bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

Diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal discomfort (>10%)

118
Q

What are the less common side effects associated with the use of bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

Nausea and taste disturbances (1-10%)

119
Q

What are drug interactions with bifidobacterium infantis (Align)?

A

None known

120
Q

What is the brand name for bisacodyl?

A

Dulcolax (think lax like laxative)

121
Q

What are the dosage forms of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Enteric-coated tablet- 5mg
Rectal enema- 10mg/30mL
Suppository- 10mg`

122
Q

What is the self-care indication and associated dosing for Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) for those 12 years or older?

A

12 years or older:

Constipation- 5-15mg PO or 10mg per rectum in a single dose

122
Q

What is the self-care indication and associated dosing for Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) for those between the ages of 6 and 12 years?

A

6-12 years old:

Constipation- 5mg PO or per rectum once. Not for those younger than 6 years.

123
Q

What is the MOA of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

It is a stimulant laxative that stimulates sensory nerve endings in the colon to produce parasympathetic reflexes resulting in peristalsis.

123
Q

What the box warnings for Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

None

123
Q

What are the contraindications for Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Hypersensitivity to bisacodyl and intestinal obstruction

124
Q

What is the common side effect of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Abdominal pain (>10%)

125
Q

What are the less common side effects of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Nausea, rectal burning, vertigo, and vomiting (1-10%)

126
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse effects of Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Electrolyte and fluid imbalance, metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, and hypocalcemia (<1%)

127
Q

What is a drug interaction with Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

A

Antacids- compromise enteric coating releasing drug before entrance into small intestine.

128
Q
A

Top 100 OTC Drugs (1 decks)

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