Tooth structure Flashcards
What type of teeth do horses have?
Hypsodont - teeth that continuously grow but can run out. Apart from canines and wolf teeth which are brachydont (same as humans, sharp and hard).
What are the 4 main components of a tooth?
Dentine, Enamel, Cement and Pulp.
How many roots do horses teeth have?
Uppers: 3, Lowers: 2, Incisors and Canines: 1
How many pulp chambers do the teeth have?
6 in the 06s, 5 in the 07-10s, and 7 in the 11s. Canines have 1 pulp chamber.
Where is infundibulum found and what is it?
Only in the upper cheek teeth. It is an infolding of the enamel into the center of the tooth, forming a funnel-shaped cavity. It is filled with cementum.
What is Dentine and what is it made by?
Main component of tooth that makes up most of the structure, it protects the pulp. Naturally cream coloured but absorbs colour of food. It is made by odonotoblasts.
What is Primary Dentine and its function?
Supports tooth structure. It is laid down prior to eruption, found on the outer most layer of dentine, attached to the peripheral enamel.
What is Secondary Dentine and its function?
It protects the pulp cavity from exposure due to attrition. It is laid down above the pulp chamber. It is made by odontoblasts to prevent exposure during normal wear. Brown in colour due to its porous structure.
What is Tertiary Dentine and its function?
It aids the tooth in the protection of the pulp after an injury. It is laid down in any format needed, changes to odontoblasts. Also known as irregular dentine.
What is Cement and its function?
The tooth’s outermost layer covering the entire crown and filling the infundibulum. Cream coloured - calcified tissues. Considered living and dead tissue (once above gum line), similar to bone. Made up of collagen fibres, including small intrinsic fibres (produced by cementoblasts) and large extrinsic fibres (produced by fibroblasts). These fibres cross creating Sharpey’s Fibres which help anchor the tooth into the periodontium. Securing the tooth in the socket.
What percentages make up Cement?
65% inorganic, 35% organic and water.
What is Peripheral Cement and Infindubular Cement?
Peripheral: Outside edge
Infundibular cementum: only in upper cheek teeth. Also has cementocytes which allow for remodelling of peripheral cemetum.
What is Enamel and its function?
Hard substance the makes up the tooth, surrounding the outside of the tooth and infundibulum. It is located between the dentin and cementum layers to stay protected. It is layered in many folds to strengthen the teeth.
Made up of 96-98% of minerals. Translucent. Inert tissue, once formed its dead, unable to repair itself. They are made by ameloblasts, once made they die off.
What is Type 1 Enamel and which teeth is it in?
Found mainly in cheek teeth in parallel rows of prisms and thick interprismatic enamel plates. It is brittle and prone to fracturing.
What is Type 2 Enamel and which teeth is it in?
Found in the incisiors. It is composed solely of groups of enamel prisms that are intricately interwoven in “ spaghetti- like ” bundles. Less likely to fracture.
