Head Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 3 main glands and where can you find them?

Answer 1

Parotid Gland, located on both sides of the head, behind the Ramus of the Mandible.

Mandibular Gland, lies on the inner surface of the lower jaw.

Sublingual Gland, found near the midline below the level of mucous membranes on the floor of the mouth.

Question 2

2 Types of muscles?

Answer 2

Smooth - involutary.
Straited - Cardiac (involuntary) and Skeletal (voluntary).

Question 3

What makes up muscles?

Answer 3

Fascicles-bundles of many fibres that run parallel to each other. Within each fibre are microfibers.

Question 4

What is a Sacromere?

Answer 4

Thousands of bands that slide over each other which contract and relax. Contractile unit of muscle fibre containing two main protein filaments, thick actin and thick myosin.

Question 5

What are T-Tubules?

Answer 5

Penetrate straited muscle cells that permit rapid transmission of Action Potential. They run perpendicular and parallel to the sarcolemma.

Question 6

What is the function of the Masseter?

Answer 6

Cheek muscle. Aids with closing the jaw, moving side to side and chewing food.

Question 7

What is the function of the Orbicularis Oris?

Answer 7

Makes up the lips, surrounding the mouth. Continous muscle from one side of the mouth the the other. Aids with closing the opening of the mouth.

Question 8

What is the function of the Pterygoidus?

Answer 8

Sits underneath the mandible, aids moving jaw up and down.

Question 9

What is the function of the Temporalis?

Answer 9

Sits on the top of the head between the ears. Acts as a lever to push lower teeth against upper teeth. Lifts TMJ to shut mouth.

Question 10

What is the function of the Digastricus?

Answer 10

Sits at the lower jaw at base of the skull. Pulls jaw backwards, main muscle for opening the mouth.

Question 11

What is the function of the Buccinator?

Answer 11

Helps form the lining of the cheek. Aids with contracting cheek, moving food around the oral cavity and pushes food onto cheek teeth.

Question 12

What is the function of the Zygomaticus?

Answer 12

Found along the Facial Crest. Retracts the lateral aspect of the eye.

Question 13

What is the function of the Cainus?

Answer 13

Found along Facial crest towards nostrils. Aids in dialation of nostrils.

Question 14

What is the function of the Levator Labii Superioris?

Answer 14

Found near Lacrimal bone down to Upper 11s. Elevates upper lip.

Question 15

What is the function of the Depressor Labii Inferioris?

Answer 15

Along the Mandibular ramus towards Orbicularis Oris. Elevates the lower lip.

Question 16

What is the function of the Orbicularis Oculi?

Answer 16

Surrounds the eye. Contracts the eyelids.

Question 17

What is the function of the Levator Nasolabialis ?

Answer 17

Runs from Lacrimal bone to the lips and nasal area. Elevates the top lip and nostrils.

Question 18

What is the function of the Mylohyoid?

Answer 18

It is the lower aspect of the oral cavity, helps move the tongue up and down.

Question 19

What does the Olfactory nerve do?

Answer 19

Providing sense of smell.

Question 20

What does the Optic Nerve do?

Answer 20

Provides vision.

Question 21

What does the Oculomotor Nerve do?

Answer 21

Motor to several extraocular muscles. Parasympathetic supply to eye muscles.

Question 22

What does the Trochlear Nerve do?

Answer 22

Motor to single extraocular muscle.

Question 23

What does the Trigeminal Nerve do?

Answer 23

Sensory nerve to the face. Motor to muscles of mastication and deep muscles of the head. Sensory to teeth.

Question 24

What does the Abducent Nerve do?

Answer 24

Motor to two extraocular muscles.

Question 25

What does the Facial Nerve do?

Answer 25

Motor to facial, eyelid and ear muscles. Parasympathetic supply to lacrimal and salivary glands.

Question 26

What does the Vestibulocochlear Nerve do?

Answer 26

Sensory for hearing and balance.

Question 27

What does the Glossopharyngeal Nerve do?

Answer 27

Motor to muscle and sensory of palate and pharynx. Mediates taste from 1/3 of the tongue. Parasympathetic supply to salivary glands.

Question 28

What does the Vagus Nerve do?

Answer 28

Parasympathetic nerves to smooth muscles of cervical, thoracic and abdominal viscera. Sensory to external ear and to laryngeal mucus membrane. Motor to intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

Question 29

What does the Accessory Nerve do?

Answer 29

Forms the accessory nerve motor to four shoulder muscles. A cranial root from caudal to the vagal roots sends fibres to the vagus nerve that eventually reach the caudal laryngeal nerve.

Question 30

What does the Hypoglossal Nerve do?

Answer 30

Motor muscles of tongue.