Tools of the trade Linux and SQL

Question 1

What is an operating system (OS)?

Answer 1

The interface between computer hardware and the user

Question 2

Name three common operating systems.

Answer 2

Windows, Linux, macOS®

Question 3

What is the function of a bootloader?

Answer 3

To boot the operating system.

Question 4

What type of interface uses icons to manage tasks on a computer?

Answer 4

Graphical user interface (GUI).

Question 5

Which interface uses text-based commands to interact with a computer?

Answer 5

Command-line interface (CLI).

Question 6

What microchip contains loading instructions for the computer and replaces BIOS in modern systems?

Answer 6

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

Question 7

What is Random Access Memory (RAM) used for?

Answer 7

Short-term memory.

Question 8

Describe a legacy operating system.

Answer 8

An operating system that is outdated but still being used.

Question 9

What component handles the physical tasks in a computer, such as calculations and file storage?

Answer 9

Hardware.

Question 10

What is an application?

Answer 10

A program that performs a specific task.

Question 11

What type of memory is RAM?

Answer 11

Short-term memory.

Question 12

How does a BIOS chip differ from a UEFI chip?

Answer 12

BIOS is prevalent in older systems, while UEFI replaces BIOS in modern systems and provides enhanced security features.

Question 13

What role does the operating system play in the process of using a computer?

Answer 13

It connects applications and hardware to allow users to perform tasks.

Question 14

Why is a CLI useful for security analysts?

Answer 14

Because it records a history file of all commands and actions.

Question 15

What happens when you boot a computer?

Answer 15

A BIOS or UEFI microchip is activated, which then loads the bootloader to start the operating system.

Question 16

Give an example of a task that can be performed more efficiently with a CLI than a GUI.

Answer 16

Creating multiple new files in a system.

Question 17

What does the operating system do after the hardware processes a user’s request?

Answer 17

It sends the output back through the application to display the results to the user.

Question 18

What type of interface might a new user find easier to navigate?

Answer 18

Graphical user interface (GUI)

Question 19

How can a CLI help trace an attacker’s actions?

Answer 19

By reviewing the history file of commands

Question 20

What is a virtual machine (VM)?

Answer 20

A virtual version of a physical computer.

Question 21

How do GUIs and CLIs differ in their display?

Answer 21

GUIs have graphics and icons, while CLIs have text only.

Question 22

What happens in the final part of the booting process initiated by BIOS or UEFI?

Answer 22

The bootloader is activated to start the operating system.

Question 23

Why might a security professional use a CLI instead of a GUI?

Answer 23

To handle multiple tasks simultaneously and maintain a history file of actions.

Question 24

What ensures that the limited capacity of a computer system is used where it’s needed most?

Answer 24

The operating system

Question 25

What analogy can be used to describe the function of an operating system in a computer?

Answer 25

Ordering food at a restaurant, where the kitchen (OS) interprets the order and ensures it is fulfilled.