tools in community assessment Flashcards
tools in community assessment
Demography, Vital health statistics and health indicators, Epidemiology
Serves as bases for planning, implementing, monitoring, and
evaluation community health nursing programs and services
VITAL STATISTICS
Assists in finding reasons why or how population or groups is influenced by a variety of factors resulting in vulnerability to ill health
demography
relationship between a vital event and those person exposed to the occurrence of said event, within a given area and during a specified unit of time.
rates
relationship between two numerical quantities or measures of events without taking particular considerations to the time or place.
ratios
total living population. It must be presumed that the total population was exposed to the risk of the occurrences of the event.
crude or general rates
relationship is for a specific population class or group. It limits the occurrence of the event to the portion of the population definitely exposed to it.
specific rate
Interplay of the agent-host-environment in disease causation
epidemiology
cause inevitably produces the disease
Sufficient
disease cannot develop in its absence
Necessary
disease cannot develop in its absence
Necessary
May create a state of susceptibility to a disease agent.
Predisposing
May favor the development of the disease
Enabling
Exposure to a specific disease agent or noxious agent may be associated with the onset of a disease or state
Precipitating
Repeated exposure and unduly hard work may aggravate an established disease or state
Reinforcing
In early times, disease was thought to be brought about by wrath of Gods or due to the evil force of the demons
Supernatural Theory
n 463 BC, Hippocrates, who is considered to be the first epidemiologist, advised people to search the environment for the cause of disease
Ecologic Theory
Henle-Koch postulates: Each disease will be caused by a germ
Germ Theory
Agent, host and environmental factors will act and interact synergistically an act as joint independent partners in causing the disease
Multiple Causation Theory
An element, substance, force or a situation which may serve as a stimulus to initiate or perpetuate a disease process
AGENT
living organisms such as virus, bacteria, animals
biologic agent
substance providing nourishment, an excess or lack of which leads to disease
nutritive agent
forces resulting in tearing, crushing and penetration
mechanical agent
forces of the physical environment such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, noise, radiation, or light
physical agent
events/situations that lead to anxiety
Psychological agent
a substance, man-made, or natural with inherent capacity to destroy life or impair health
chemical agent
An organism, simple or complex, capable of being infected by a specific agent
host
number of individuals who are susceptible versus the number of individuals who are resistant
herd immunity
