Tools & Cultural Evolution

Question 1

What is the order of Tool Culture?

Answer 1

1. Oldowan (H.Habilis)
2. Acheulian (H.Erectus)
3. Mousterian (H.Neanderthals)
4. Aurignac (H.Sapiens)
5. Soluterean (H.Sapiens)
6. Magdalenian (H.Sapiens)

Question 2

Describe Homo Habilis Tool Culture

Answer 2

Tool Culture: Oldowan
Years Ago: 2 Million years ago
Tool: First regular USERS of tools, stone tools, simple choppers, pebbles, sones, scrapers, flakes removed
Used for: Chopping or cutting meat or materials, scraper to remove wastes/materials, clean animal hides
Hunting: were hunters and scavengers
Diet: Herbivore and Omnivore
Shelter: Trees and caves
Communication: increased communication, developed spoken language however larynx not well developed for complex speech

Question 3

Describe Homo Erectus Tool Culture

Answer 3

Tool Culture: Acheulian
Years Ago: 400 000 years ago
Tool: Hand axes, flint, stone tools, more sophisticated tools
Used for: MANIPULATED ENVIRONMENT TO SUIT THEM, used for butchering carcasses, cleaning animal hides, scraping to remove waste
Hunting: Hunters and scavengers
Diet: Omnivore and Herbivore
Brain: increased size due to logical thought and meat eating, complex fats required energy supplied to the brian
Communication: complex language, increased organisation
Shelter: built huts, Increased interdependence , increased cooperation, cared for young
Fire: FIRST TO USE FIRE: Kept Predators away, warmth, cooking, stampede of animals

Question 4

Describe Homo Neanderthalensis Tool Culture

Answer 4

Tool Culture: Mousterian
Years Ago: 200 000 years ago, Palaeolithic period, MANIPULATED ENVIRONMENT TO SUIT THEM
Tools: More flaked tools, production of stone flakes, used for cutting, scraping, piercing, use of a soft hammer stone, bone or antler to produce more flakes
Fire: Yes
Diet: Omnivore
Hunting: Good hunters
Communication: increased communication
Brain: increased brain developed
Clothing: flaked tools enabled people living in colder environments ti become good clothes makers with skin of animals
Sharing: CEREMONIAL BURIALS, BELIEVED IN THE AFTER LIFE, CARED FOR THE DISABLED
Shelter: sheltered in caves

Question 5

Describe Homo Sapiens Tool Culture

Answer 5

Tool Culture: Aurignac, Soluterean, Magdalenian
Years ago: 50 000 years old
Tool:
>Auriginac -blade tools hunting for meat, skin (clothing), fat for oil lamps, pressure flaking to retouch blades
>Soluterean - willow leaf and laurel leaf, hunting, for meat, skin (clothing), fat for oil lamps, pressure flaking to retouch blades
>Magdalenian - mostly bone and antler, metal tools, needles, harpoons, to sew clothes