Regulation of Blood Glucose

Question 1

What do cells need energy (glucose) for?

Answer 1

• Movement
• Reproduction
• Synthesising molecules
• Active transport

Question 2

How is excess glucose stored in the body?

Answer 2

Stored as glycogen

Question 3

What are the organs involved in with regulating blood glucose levels?

Answer 3

• Liver
• Pancreas
• Adrenal Glands

Question 4

What is the role of Insulin?

Answer 4

Reduces the amount of glucose in the blood, it does this by promoting the uptake of glucose in liver and muscle cells

Question 5

What is the role of Glucagon?

Answer 5

Works to increase glucose levels, promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose

Question 6

What is Glycogen?

Answer 6

Long chains of glucose, these are stored in the liver and muscle cells and can be released as glucose in the blood

Question 7

What Endocrine Glands regulate Blood Glucose Levels?

Answer 7

• Pancreas (insulin and glucagon)

- Adrenal glands (cortex - cortisol)

Question 8

What is the role of the Liver?

Answer 8

The liver stores glucose as glycogen to convert glucose and release glucose from the conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 9

What brings Blood Glucose to the liver? And where does it come from?

Answer 9

The Hepatic Portal Vein brings blood (containing glucose) to the liver and comes from the stomach, spleen, pancreas and intestines

Question 10

What happens Glucose reaches the Liver?

Answer 10

It is either removed from the blood to;

• be used for the liver function or to be converted into glycogen in the liver
• can continue to travel in the blood and either be used by body cells, converted into glycogen in the muscle cells, converted to fat for long term storage or to maintain blood glucose levels

Question 11

What does Glycogenesis refer to?

Answer 11

Promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

Question 12

What does Glycogenoloysis refer to?

Answer 12

Promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose

Question 13

What does Gluconeogenesis refer to?

Answer 13

Promotes new sugar molecules by converting amino acids and fatty acids to glucose

Question 14

What odes Lipogenesis refer to?

Answer 14

Promotes conversion of glucose to fat

Question 15

What is the role of the Pancreas?

Answer 15

• Cells in the pancreas are the islets of langerhans
• There are two types of cells these are alpha and beta cells
• Alpha cells secrete glucagon and beta cells secrete insulin

Question 16

What is the role of the Adrenal Glands?

Answer 16

• They are located above the kidneys, composed of cortex and medulla
• They regulate low blood sugar level
• Adrenal Medulla secretes adrenalin and noradrenalin - - - The Adrenal Cortex secretes corticosteroids and glucocorticoids (cortisol)