Tools Flashcards

1
Q

Straight Upper anterior forceps

A

only straight

easy access

3-3

single rooted

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2
Q

upper premolar forceps

A

same single rooted tip as upper straight

but curved to allow slightly further back in oral cavity

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3
Q

upper molar forceps

A

2 roots buccal and 1 palatal

  • engage furcation on buccal side
    • beak to cheek

separate ones for each side

  • smooth single root
  • point engage furcation
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4
Q

what forceps are these

A

upper premolar forceps and then straight upper anterior forceps

  • Straight upper anterior forceps Vs upper premolar forceps
    • Similar tips
    • Curvature allows access to premolars
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5
Q

lower forceps

A

have 90o bend to allow reach in lower arch

root and universal narrower at tip - single rooted

molar has pointy beaks on both sides to engage both furcations

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6
Q

cowhorn forceps

A

engage furcation in mesial and distal roots

  • Only really on younger individual – lifts tooth
  • Need divergent roots
  • No grip, just squeeze
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7
Q

‘bayonet’ forceps

A

Z shaped

Uppers

  • Narrow pointy one – root forceps

Upper 8s have variable morphology – common to have multiple roots fused – assume single root no furcation to grip

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8
Q

right handed operator stance for extractions

A

behind pt for lower right

all other in front of pt on their right

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9
Q

elevator functions

A
  • Mobilise the tooth
  • Widen PDL
  • Before delivering tooth with forceps – more control, less chance of inhalation of loose tooth

Grab tooth higher up as forceps can go into the socket that has been widened

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10
Q

3 types of elevators

A

couplands

cryers

warwick james

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11
Q

coupland’s elevators

A

most frequently used

  • Hug rounded surface of tooth trying to elevate
  • single
  • Bigger number = wider the tip (1, 2, 3)
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12
Q

cryer’s elevators

A
  • Sets of 2 – pairs
  • Tips facing, concave surface is facing up – right hand holds right (same for Warwick James) (smile to sky)
  • Elevate roots down a socket
    • E.g. fractured part remains in sockets
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13
Q

Warwick James elevators

A

Sets of 3

  • Right
  • Left
  • Straight

Concave surface of right and left, but less sharp than cryers

  • Uppers 8s wisdom

Straights – useful for lower 8s elevation as can fit more effectively into narrower space

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14
Q

luxators

A

Very sharp

  • Like Coupland’s ended – but sharper

Narrow – easily broken, bend

Very effective but risky as can cause harm

Designed for luxating the tooth

  • Tear ligament around tooth

(not elevators)

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15
Q

periotome

A

Mini blade

Work down PDL

Cut space

  • Effectively cut most ligament around tooth to ease extraction

Atraumatic to adjacent bone – good for implant

  • Save as much bone as possible

Timely – long procedure but more preservative for bone

Can get tips of US

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16
Q

3 basic modes of action for elevaotrs

A
  • Wheel and Axle (Rotation)
  • Lever
  • Wedge
17
Q

wheel and axle motion

A

most common - Elevators (not luxators – bend tip)

  • Buccal elevation
  • Twisting on axle
    • Elevate tooth upwards
18
Q

lever

A
  • More force
  • Can be dangerous – large force on bone – can fracture
19
Q

wedge

A
  • Can be used for luxators if careful of fractured root fragments
    • Push down ligaments to displace fractured root out
20
Q

mechanical principles of elevators

A
  • All three actions can be used in combination with each other
  • Must avoid excessive force (e.g. with bodily movement of elevator rather than rotation)

There are various points of application for the elevators

couplands, cryers, Warwick James

start mesial

  • concave surface mesial to surface to elevate
  • twist wrist

upwards and backwards force on tooth to displace tooth out

lower 8 go lingual (only one) as buccal bone denser

combination of sequence of mesial then buccal – best

  • don’t do in unison - need to have a hand supporting pts jaw