TOLD Definitions

Question 1

Runway Condition Reading RCR

Answer 1

The measure of tire-to-runway friction coefficient.

Dry-23 Wet-12 Icy-5

Question 2

Runway Surface Condition RSC

Answer 2

Average depth covering the runway surface measured to 1/10 inch (1 inch is equivalent to RSC of 10)

Question 3

Define Critical Engine Failure Speed, Vcef

Answer 3

The speed at which one engine can fail and the same distance is required to either continue to accelerate to lift-off speed, or to abort and decelerate to a full stop

Question 4

Define Critical Field Length (CFL)

Answer 4

The total length of runway required to accelerate on all engines to critical engine failure speed, experience an engine failure, then continue to lift-off or stop. (Must be no greater than the runway available)

Question 5

Define Take-off Factor (TOF)

Answer 5

%N1 settings adjusted for OAT and altitude

Question 6

Define Take-Off Ground Run

Answer 6

Runway distance normally obtained in service operation at zero wind at the mission specified weight, pressure altitude, thrust setting, and appropriate take-off configuration.

Question 7

Define Minimum Control Speed Ground, Vmcg

Answer 7

(88 KIAS) The minimum controllable speed during the take-off run, at which, when an engine is failed, it is possible to maintain directional control without deviating more than 25 feet laterally with all three wheels on the runway.

Question 8

What assumptions are considered for Vmcg?

Answer 8

Assumes the remaining engine at TRT, the aircraft loaded at the most unfavorable weight and CG, aircraft trimmed for takeoff, and without exceeding 180 lbs of rudder control force with rudder boost operating.

Question 9

Define Minimum Control Speed Air, Vmca

Answer 9

89 KIAS. The minimum controllable speed in the take-off configuration out of ground effect with one engine inoperative and the remaining engine in TRT.

Question 10

What assumptions are considered for Vmca?

Answer 10

Aircraft trimmed for takeoff, 5 degrees angle of bank into the operating engine and no more than 180 lbs of rudder control force with rudder boost operating. Vmca is determined at the most critical combination of asymmetric thrust, light weight, and aft CG

Question 11

Define Refusal Speed, Vr

Answer 11

The maximum speed that can be attained, with normal acceleration, from which a stop may be completed within the available runway length.

Question 12

Define Maximum Braking Speed, Vb

Answer 12

The maximum speed from which the aircraft can be brought to a stop without exceeding the maximum brake energy limit of 14.8 Million ft-lbs

Question 13

When is an acceleration check required?

Answer 13

Whenever S1 is less than Vrot. Takeoff acceleration check speed should be adjusted to be at least 10 KIAS less than S1.

Question 14

Define S1?

Answer 14

The go/no go speed. Vmcg, Vcef < S1< Vr, Vb, Vrot

Question 15

Define Rotation Speed, Vrot

Answer 15

The speed at which the aircraft attitude is increased from the ground run (taxi) attitude to the lift-off attitude.

Question 16

Define Lift-Off Speed, Vlof

Answer 16

Is the moment at which the main gear lift off the runway. Speed is the speed at which lift-off occurs.

Question 17

Define Take-off Flare

Answer 17

Is the ground distance covered between lift-off and the 50-foot obstacle height.

Question 18

Define Distance to 50-Foot obstacle?

Answer 18

The sum of the take-off ground run distance to lift-off, plus the airborne horizontal distance needed to accelerate and climb to arrive at the 50-ft obstacle height at or above the obstacle climb out speed.

Question 19

Define Take-Off Speed?

Answer 19

The speed which permits attaining the obstacle climb out speed at or before reaching the 50-ft obstacle height above the runway.

Question 20

Define Climbout Speed, Vco

Answer 20

The scheduled single-engine climb out speed and should be obtained at or prior to reaching the 50-ft obstacle height.

Question 21

Define Climbout Factor

Answer 21

The variable used to determine take-off/climb performance and obstacle clearance. Minimum is 2.5.

Question 22

How is Reference Zero computed?

Answer 22

Typically Takeoff Ground + Takeoff Flare Distance; If split markers Critical Field Length + Takeoff Flare Distance.

Question 23

Define Takeoff Rated Thrust, TRT

Answer 23

Maximum allowable thrust limited by 104% N1, 700*C, or 2900 lbs of thrust whichever occurs first and limited to 5 minutes max

Question 24

Define MCT

Answer 24

Maximum allowable thrust that may be used without a time limitation and is limited by 104% N1, 700*C, or 2900 lbs of thrust whichever occurs first.

Question 25

Define Maximum Cruise Thrust, MCRT

Answer 25

The highest thrust setting that is recommended for use in cruise.

Question 26

Define Go-around %N1

Answer 26

Maximum allowable thrust for use during a go-around limited by 104% N1, 700*C, or 2900 lbs of thrust whichever occurs first.