TOLD Flashcards
What is Critical Field Length?
The greater of the total runway distances required to accelerate on all engines, experience an engine failure and then either continue the takeoff or stop.
Balanced Critical Field Length is?
When the distance required to continue the takeoff is equal to the distance required to stop.
Unbalanced Critical Field Length is?
When the stop distance is greater than the distance to continue the takeoff.
Refusal Speed
1) Based on runway available
2) Max speed to which the airplane can accelerate with engines at takeoff power and then stop within the remainder of runway available.
Assumptions:
- Two Engines (symmetrical) in reverse.
- On Engine in Ground Idle
- One propeller wind-miling
- max anti-skid braking applied
Ground Minimum Control Speed is
The minimum airspeed at which the airplane may lose an outboard engine during take-off ground run and still maintain directional control.
Assumptions associated with One engine out Minimum Control Speed?
1) #1 engine inoperative with the propeller wind-milling on NTS.
2) Maximum power on 3 engines
3) Zero Bleed
4) Flaps 50%
5) High Rudder Boost
6) 180 lbs person with max rudder applied
7) maximum deviation from runway center line 30 feet
8) Wings Level
9) Continuous input into the nose wheel
Air Minimum Control Speed
1) Minimum speed at which the yawing tendency can be balanced with maximum ruder at a specified bank angle.
- Asymmetric thrust with failed engine drag and max power on remaining engines INCREASES with lower speeds.
Therefore AMCS = speed is life.
One Engine Inoperative Air Minimum Control Speed
1) minimum speed at which directional or lateral control can be maintained for a given airplane configuration.
Two engine inoperative air minimum control speed
With two engines inoperative on the same wing, the air minimum control speed is defined as the minimum speed at which directional or lateral control can be maintained for a given plane configuration.
Two Engine Inop Configuration assumptions
1) All bleeds off
2) maximum power on both operating engines
3) #1 engine inoperative with the propeller wind-milling on NTS.
4) #2 engine inoperative with the propeller featherd.
5) utility hydraulic system inoperative
6) max rudder deflection limited by 180 lbs pedal force
7) five degrees of bank (away from dead engine)
8) landing gear down
9) flaps 50%
Take-off distance
1) The total distance required to accelerate to take-off speed, lift off, and climb to a 50 ft height.
2) Take-off ground run
- distance from break release to lift off point + the distance from the lift off point to the 50 foot obstacle.
Cruise Ceiling
The altitude at which the airplane rate of climb capability at maximum continuous power and at best climb speed is 300 feet per minute.
- Provides maximum range, but not as much terrain clearance.
Service Ceiling
The Altitude at which the airplane rate of climb capability at maximum continuous power and at Best Climb speed is 100 feet per minute.
- Will provide maximum height for terrain clearance but with some sacrifices in range.
Driftdown … what is it?
The procedure for driftdown is to maintain the recommended driftdown airspeed until the rate of descent decreased to 100 FPM.
1) From here… maintain 100 FPM rate until reaching the approriate service ceiling altitude.
2) From here you can maintain level flight.
Declared Distances:
TORA:
- The length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane take-off.
TODA:
- The length of the takeoff run plus the length of the clearway, if provided. (we don’t use)
ASDA:
- The runway plus stopway length declared available and suitable fro the acceleration and deceleration of an airplane aborting a take-off.
LDA:
- The Length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane landing.
