TOF and TENR Flashcards
What is PCA
Perceived cumulative assessment. An individual’s analysis of how dangerous a situation is
What are the 5 stages of TOF
Cooperation Passive resistance - walking away Active resistance - Swearing Assaultive GBH or death
What are the two imperative aspects of TOF?
Communication is imperative at all levels
Match the level of offender. Don’t exceed
What is the underlying principle of TOF
Safety is success
What are the four elements of TENR?
Threat - what is the threat!
Exposure - what is the potential for harm?
Necessity- Do you need to respond immediately
Response - what is your plan? Must be proportionate, timely, appropriate and reasonable
What is the acronym to establish a level of threat?
INTENT - what do they want to do?
CAPABILITY- Are they actually able to do it? Access to gun etc
OPPORTUNITIES- Can they realistically do it? Consider the environment they’re in
What is section 39 of the crimes act?
The level of force an officer can use whilst arresting someone or executing a warrant. Must be necessary and proportionate
What is section 40 of the crimes act?
The level of appropriate force to avoid arrest or escape
What is section 41 of the crimes act?
The level of force allowed to prevent suicide / self harm
What is section 42 of the crimes act?
The level of force appropriate to prevent breach of the peace continuing or restarting
What is section 48 of the crimes act?
Justification to use force in self defence or defence of a mate as long as it is necessary and proportionate
What is section 62 of the crimes act?
You are criminally liable for any excessive force used
When must a TOR be completed?
After the use of a tactical weapon. Ie, drawn a taser, pistol etc
What is the section 32 of the policing act?
Officers may use a reasonable level of force to obtain fingerprints, photographs etc. Must be reasonable and necessary. Refusal can result in 5k fine or 6 months in prison
Section 33 of policing act
Officers may use reasonable force to obtain fingerprints, footprints, photos if person is suspected of committed crime and you intend to arrest
Explain how sections 11 and 125 of the search and surveillance act justify use of force on person in custody
Allows officers to take all possessions eg, money to protect them in the cells. If person does not comply, then officer can use 125 and use reasonable force to get possessions
Show of force means
To pull out and present a tactical option
Use of force means
Using handcuffs with pain compliance, oc spray, or weapon. Need to compete a TOR
Reasonable use of force means
Using minimal force necessary to make an arrest
Necessary and proportionate means
Using the level of force equal to that of the offender. Compare to the level of TOF shown by offender
What does recklessly mean in a legal state?
Foreseeable but not desired or intended. Eg, playing with a phone case. Don’t intend to break it but will eventually
