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Toefl > Toefl > Flashcards

Toefl Flashcards

1
Q

Spoken Words (Speaking)

A

Written Words(Academic /Tech/Paper)

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2
Q

Very important

A

Crucial, significant, vital, essential, critical

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3
Q

Want to

A

Intend to, plan to, aim to, am determined to

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4
Q

The most important

A

The major, principal, integral

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5
Q

Necessary

A

Essential, indispensable

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6
Q

Almost, about

A

Nearly, somewhat, approximately

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7
Q

meet

A

convene

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8
Q

live

A

reside

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9
Q

Use

A

Utilize, apply, employ, implement, deploy

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10
Q

The opposite

A

The converse

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11
Q

Cause

A

Trigger, generate, produce, lead to

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12
Q

Emphasize

A

Underscore, highlight

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13
Q

A lot of

A

A great deal of, a great number of, numerous, many, several, a number of, excessive amount, a considerable (significant) number of, plenty of

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14
Q

Good

A

Appropriate, proper, suitable, applicable

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15
Q

Results are good

A

Satisfactory, reasonable, acceptable, rational, logical

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16
Q

To get better

A

To improve, develop, enhance

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17
Q

To get worse

A

To deteriorate

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18
Q

Result

A

Outcome, findings,

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19
Q

Useful

A

Beneficial

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20
Q

Advantage

A

Benefit, upside, merit Pros and cons of the issue

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21
Q

Disadvantage

A

Drawback, downside, demerit

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22
Q

Possible

A

Feasible

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23
Q

Idea

A

Concept, notion

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24
Q

Large

A

Considerable, substantial, significant

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25
Q

Common

A

Widespread, universal, global

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26
Q

Reduce

A

Diminish,

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27
Q

Delay

A

Postpone, procrastinate

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28
Q

Expensive

A

costly

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29
Q

Cheap

A

Cost effective / economical/affordable

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30
Q

Whole

A

(the)Entire

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31
Q

Plentiful

A

Abundant

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32
Q

Limit

A

Restriction, constraint

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33
Q

New (method/ ideas)

A

Novel, innovative

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34
Q

A lot of money

A

fortune

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35
Q

Rich (people/ country)

A

Affluent, prosperous

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36
Q

Specially

A

Particularly, specifically

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37
Q

Solution

A

Resolution

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38
Q

Do research

A

Carry out research, perform several studies/ conduct/direct

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39
Q

Try

A

Attempt/ make an effort/ exert my best efforts to

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40
Q

Clearly

A

Obviously, Evidently

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41
Q

Get rid of sth

A

Eliminate, omit

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42
Q

Make sth clear

A

Clarify, illuminate

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43
Q

Problem

A

Challenge, issue

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44
Q

Get

A

Acquire, attain, obtain, gain (collocation)

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45
Q

Make, build Make (have to)

A

Construct, produce, generate, manufacture,assmble Force / enforce/ impose

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46
Q

Goods

A

Commodities, products

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47
Q

Also, and, and also….too

A

In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, ……….as well (at the end of sentence) …………further……………

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48
Q

So

A

Therefore, Hence, Thus, As a result, Consequently

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49
Q

Because

A

Due to the fact that, for the reason which, Since

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50
Q

But

A

However, On the other hand, Nevertheless, Nonetheless, On the contrary, Ironically, Conversely

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51
Q

Before/ /already

A

Preceding, prior to, previously/formerly

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52
Q

After, after that, then

A

Proceeding, Follows, Following, Afterward, Next, Subsequently ,

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53
Q

Some

A

A few, More than a few, Several A number of, many, various, a little/certain/large amount of (quantity of),

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54
Q

little

A

Minimum, minimal, negligible, trifling, slight, hardly any, barely any

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55
Q

big

A

Large (enlarge)

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56
Q

X is better than Y

A

X is superior as compared to Y

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57
Q

worse

A

Inferior

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58
Q

Way

A

Method, Approach, Technique, Manner, Scheme, Style, Framework, Fashion, Means

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59
Q

Actually

A

In fact, As a matter of fact

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60
Q

Accordingly//according to

A

Therefore, Hence, Thus, As a result, Consequently, Based on

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61
Q

Thing

A

Issue, Criteria, Factor, Reason, Problem, Point, Plan, Purpose, aspect, feature

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62
Q

Person

A

Individual, One

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63
Q

People, Mankind, Human being

A

General Public, Residents, Citizens, Civilians, Individuals, General Population, a selected group of individuals, the majority of general public, minority of

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64
Q

Exist

A

There is/are, In the presence of, (doesn’t exist = lack of or lack)

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65
Q

Like

A

Similar to, Such as

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66
Q

Place

A

Environment, Location, Condition, Atmosphere, District, Region, Location

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67
Q

May, maybe

A

Can, Should, is, are

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68
Q

Must, Have to

A

Ought to, Should, Need to, Required

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69
Q

Of course

A

Definitely, Certainly

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70
Q

Indeed

A

In fact

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71
Q

About

A

approximately

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72
Q

Almost

A

Nearly, Somewhat

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73
Q

Very, so

A

Highly

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74
Q

Want

A

Intend to, Plan to, Aim to, Prefer to, I am determined to

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75
Q

Say

A

Claim, State, Mention, Suggest, acknowledge, addressed

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76
Q

Previous(ly)

A

Former (ly)

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77
Q

first

A

primarily

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78
Q

Note: For studying

A

For + Verb + ing = Farsi (finglish ///// To + verb……To study

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79
Q

Say

A

Claim, State, Mention, Suggest, acknowledge

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80
Q

Hold your mind/occupy your mind//busy

A

preoccupied

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81
Q

With noticing

A

By considering

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82
Q

With regard to

A

With respect to

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83
Q

always

A

Constantly, continuously

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84
Q

Give

A

Provide//grant/yield

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85
Q

Enough

A

Sufficient//adequate//ample

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86
Q

about

A

Regarding//considering//related to//concerning

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87
Q

Spoken Words (Speaking)

A

Written Words(Academic /Tech/Paper)

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88
Q

Very important

A

Crucial, significant, vital, essential, critical

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89
Q

Want to

A

Intend to, plan to, aim to, am determined to

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90
Q

The most important

A

The major, principal, integral

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91
Q

Necessary

A

Essential, indispensable

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92
Q

Almost, about

A

Nearly, somewhat, approximately

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93
Q

meet

A

convene

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94
Q

live

A

reside

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95
Q

Use

A

Utilize, apply, employ, implement, deploy

96
Q

The opposite

A

The converse

97
Q

Cause

A

Trigger, generate, produce, lead to

98
Q

Emphasize

A

Underscore, highlight

99
Q

A lot of

A

A great deal of, a great number of, numerous, many, several, a number of, excessive amount, a considerable (significant) number of, plenty of

100
Q

Good

A

Appropriate, proper, suitable, applicable

101
Q

Results are good

A

Satisfactory, reasonable, acceptable, rational, logical

102
Q

To get better

A

To improve, develop, enhance

103
Q

To get worse

A

To deteriorate

104
Q

Result

A

Outcome, findings,

105
Q

Useful

A

Beneficial

106
Q

Advantage

A

Benefit, upside, merit Pros and cons of the issue

107
Q

Disadvantage

A

Drawback, downside, demerit

108
Q

Possible

A

Feasible

109
Q

Idea

A

Concept, notion

110
Q

Large

A

Considerable, substantial, significant

111
Q

Common

A

Widespread, universal, global

112
Q

Reduce

A

Diminish,

113
Q

Delay

A

Postpone, procrastinate

114
Q

Expensive

A

costly

115
Q

Cheap

A

Cost effective / economical/affordable

116
Q

Whole

A

(the)Entire

117
Q

Plentiful

A

Abundant

118
Q

Limit

A

Restriction, constraint

119
Q

New (method/ ideas)

A

Novel, innovative

120
Q

A lot of money

A

fortune

121
Q

Rich (people/ country)

A

Affluent, prosperous

122
Q

Specially

A

Particularly, specifically

123
Q

Solution

A

Resolution

124
Q

Do research

A

Carry out research, perform several studies/ conduct/direct

125
Q

Try

A

Attempt/ make an effort/ exert my best efforts to

126
Q

Clearly

A

Obviously, Evidently

127
Q

Get rid of sth

A

Eliminate, omit

128
Q

Make sth clear

A

Clarify, illuminate

129
Q

Problem

A

Challenge, issue

130
Q

Get

A

Acquire, attain, obtain, gain (collocation)

131
Q

Make, build Make (have to)

A

Construct, produce, generate, manufacture,assmble Force / enforce/ impose

132
Q

Goods

A

Commodities, products

133
Q

Also, and, and also….too

A

In addition, Furthermore, Moreover, ……….as well (at the end of sentence) …………further……………

134
Q

So

A

Therefore, Hence, Thus, As a result, Consequently

135
Q

Because

A

Due to the fact that, for the reason which, Since

136
Q

But

A

However, On the other hand, Nevertheless, Nonetheless, On the contrary, Ironically, Conversely

137
Q

Before/ /already

A

Preceding, prior to, previously/formerly

138
Q

After, after that, then

A

Proceeding, Follows, Following, Afterward, Next, Subsequently ,

139
Q

Some

A

A few, More than a few, Several A number of, many, various, a little/certain/large amount of (quantity of),

140
Q

little

A

Minimum, minimal, negligible, trifling, slight, hardly any, barely any

141
Q

big

A

Large (enlarge)

142
Q

X is better than Y

A

X is superior as compared to Y

143
Q

worse

A

Inferior

144
Q

Way

A

Method, Approach, Technique, Manner, Scheme, Style, Framework, Fashion, Means

145
Q

Actually

A

In fact, As a matter of fact

146
Q

Accordingly//according to

A

Therefore, Hence, Thus, As a result, Consequently, Based on

147
Q

Thing

A

Issue, Criteria, Factor, Reason, Problem, Point, Plan, Purpose, aspect, feature

148
Q

Person

A

Individual, One

149
Q

People, Mankind, Human being

A

General Public, Residents, Citizens, Civilians, Individuals, General Population, a selected group of individuals, the majority of general public, minority of

150
Q

Exist

A

There is/are, In the presence of, (doesn’t exist = lack of or lack)

151
Q

Like

A

Similar to, Such as

152
Q

Place

A

Environment, Location, Condition, Atmosphere, District, Region, Location

153
Q

May, maybe

A

Can, Should, is, are

154
Q

Must, Have to

A

Ought to, Should, Need to, Required

155
Q

Of course

A

Definitely, Certainly

156
Q

Indeed

A

In fact

157
Q

About

A

approximately

158
Q

Almost

A

Nearly, Somewhat

159
Q

Very, so

A

Highly

160
Q

Want

A

Intend to, Plan to, Aim to, Prefer to, I am determined to

161
Q

Say

A

Claim, State, Mention, Suggest, acknowledge, addressed

162
Q

Previous(ly)

A

Former (ly)

163
Q

first

A

primarily

164
Q

Note: For studying

A

For + Verb + ing = Farsi (finglish ///// To + verb……To study

165
Q

Say

A

Claim, State, Mention, Suggest, acknowledge

166
Q

Hold your mind/occupy your mind//busy

A

preoccupied

167
Q

With noticing

A

By considering

168
Q

With regard to

A

With respect to

169
Q

always

A

Constantly, continuously

170
Q

Give

A

Provide//grant/yield

171
Q

Enough

A

Sufficient//adequate//ample

172
Q

about

A

Regarding//considering//related to//concerning

173
Q

recreation

A

با اینکه ترکیب again و create هستش معنی دیگری هم داره تفریحی و سرگرمی

174
Q

Abstract مثال abstract art

A

هنر انتزاعی//انتزاعی ، چکیده،

175
Q

oriental countries

A

oriental شرقی با oriented اشتباه گرفته نشود مثال

176
Q

foothill

A

کوهپایه

177
Q

table land, plateau

A

فلات، زمین مسطح

178
Q

abandon

A

v. To leave; to give up
To save their lives, the sailors had to abandon the sinking ship. Parts of speech abandonment n

179
Q

adversely adv.

A

In a harmful way; negatively Excessive rainfall early in the spring can adversely affect the plant- ing of crops. Usage tips Adversely is often followed by affect. Parts of speech adversity n, adverse adj

180
Q

aggregate adj.

A

Gathered into or amounting to a whole
It is impossible to judge last year’s performance without knowing the aggregate sales numbers.
Usage tips Aggregate is often followed by a term like sum, total, or numbers. Parts of speech aggregate v, aggregate n

181
Q

cultivation n.

A

Preparing the land to grow crops; improvement for agricultural purposes With the development of land cultivation, hunters and gatherers were able to settle in one place. Parts of speech cultivate v

182
Q

fertilize v.

A

To supply with nourishment for plants by adding helpful substances to the soil
This farm fertilizes tomatoes more than any other crop. Parts of speech fertilizer n, fertilization n

183
Q

intensify v.

A

To increase in power; to act with increased strength Jacob’s long absence intensified his certainty that he should marry Rose. Parts of speech intensification n, intense adj

184
Q

irrigation n.

A

The supplying of water to dry land In dry areas of the country, you can see ditches all over the farm- land for irrigation. Parts of speech irrigate v

185
Q

obtain v.

A

To gain possession of; to get After a series of difficult interviews, he finally was able to obtain the job.

186
Q

photosynthesis n.

A

The process by which green plants make their own food by combining water, salts, and carbon dioxide in the pres- ence of light. Oxygen is a by-product of the process of photosynthesis. Parts of speech photosynthesize v

187
Q

precipitation n.

A

Water that falls to the Earth’s surface In the Pacific Northwest, the high level of precipitation ensures rich, green plant life.

188
Q

anticipate v.

A

To expect; to sense something before it happens By placing sensors in earthquake-prone areas, scientists can antici- pate some tremors in time to warn the public. Parts of speech anticipation n, anticipatory adj

189
Q

catastrophic adj.

A

Extremely harmful; causing financial or physical ruin
The architect died in a catastrophic elevator accident. Parts of speech catastrophe n, catastrophically adv

190
Q

collide v.

A

To come together with great or violent force As usual, their holiday was ruined when their in-laws’ views on poli- tics collided with their own. Parts of speech collision n

191
Q

eruption n.

A
  1. A sudden, often violent, outburst
The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 caused 57 deaths and 
immeasurable change to the face of the mountain. Usage tips Eruption is often followed by an of phrase. Parts of speech erupt v
192
Q
  1. famine

A
  1. Severe hunger; a drastic food shortage
The potato famine in Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century caused 
large numbers of Irish people to emigrate to America.
193
Q
  1. flood n.

A
  1. An overflowing of water; an excessive amount
The constant rain and poor drainage system caused a flood in town. 
The political party sent out a flood of letters criticizing their opponents. 
Parts of speech flood v
194
Q

impact n.

A

A strong influence The speech about the importance of education made an impact on me. Usage tips Impact is usually followed by on or of. Parts of speech impact v

195
Q
  1. persevere v.
A
  1. To keep going, despite obstacles or discouragement; to maintain a purpose 
The hikers persevered despite the bad weather and the icy trail. Parts of speech persist v, persistent adj
196
Q
  1. plunge v.
A
  1. To go down suddenly; to decrease by a great amount in a short time 
He jumped off the diving board and plunged into the pool. 
The value of the company’s stock plunged after its chief executive was arrested. Usage tips Plunge is often followed by an into phrase. Parts of speech plunge n
197
Q

unleash v.

A

To release a thing or an emotion
When they saw the strange man on their property, they unleashed their dogs.
He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to un- leash his feelings.

198
Q

adapt v.

A

To adjust to the circumstances; to make suitable Dinosaurs could not adapt to the warmer temperatures.
The teacher adapted the exercises for his more advanced students. Usage tips Adapt is often followed by to.
Parts of speech adaptation n, adapter n, adaptable adj

199
Q

diverse n.

A

Various; showing a lot of differences within a group
India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. Usage tips An -ly adverb (e.g., linguistically) often comes before diverse. Parts of speech diversify v, diversity n, diversification n

200
Q

evolve v.

A

To develop; to come forth Modern-day sharks evolved from their ancestor Eryops, which lived more than 200 million years ago. Usage tips Evolve is often followed by into or from. Parts of speech evolution n, evolutionist n

201
Q

feature n.

A
  1. Part, characteristic
The best feature of this car is its heated seats. 
Usage tips Feature is often followed by of. Parts of speech feature v
202
Q

generation n.


A
  1. A group of people born at about the same time
As older managers retired, a new generation of leaders took control 
of the company.
Usage tips Before generation, an adjective like new, next, earlier, or 
older is common. Generation is often followed by of. Parts of speech generational adj
203
Q

inherent adj.

A

Naturally characteristic; always found within something, because it’s a basic part of that thing No job can be interesting all the time. Boredom is inherent in any kind of work. Usage tips Inherent is often followed by in. Parts of speech inherently adv

204
Q

migration n.

A

Movement from one place to another by a group of peo- ple or animals The migration of farm workers from one state to the next depends primarily on the harvest. Usage tips Migration is often followed by to or from. Parts of speech migrate v, migrant n, migratory adj

205
Q

physical adj.

A

Related to the body; related to materials that can be seen or felt Because of the shape of its throat, an ape does not have the physical ability to speak. The mountains form a physical barrier between the west and the east. Usage tips Physical usually comes before the noun it describes. Parts of speech physically adv

206
Q

process n.

A

A series of steps leading to a result
To get a good job, most people go through a long process of letter- writing and interviews. Usage tips Process is often followed by of plus the -ing form of a verb. Parts of speech proceed v, process v

207
Q

survive v.

A

To continue living (despite some danger or illness) After getting lost in the mountains, Gordon survived by eating wild plants and catching fish. Usage tips Survive is often followed by a phrase with by. Parts of speech survivor n, survival n

208
Q

constraint n.

A

Something that restricts thought or action The constraints of military life kept Eileen from seeing Private Mor- ris more than once a month. Parts of speech constrain v

209
Q

contamination n.

A

Being made less clean by a germ or hazardous sub- stance The contamination in the river came from the factory located just upstream. Parts of speech contaminate v, contaminant n

210
Q

deplete v.

A

To greatly decrease the supply of a resource or material The prolonged war depleted the country’s national treasury. Parts of speech depletion n

211
Q
  1. dispose of v.

A
  1. To throw away; to get rid of; to kill
She disposed of her unwanted possessions before moving. The tyrant cruelly disposed of all his enemies. 
Usage tips Dispose of should be learned as a unit. In this meaning, dispose does not occur without of. 
Parts of speech disposal n, disposable adj
212
Q
  1. elementally adv.
A
  1. In terms of elements; basically Elementally, coal and diamonds are the same. 
Parts of speech element n, elemental adj
213
Q
  1. emission n.
A
  1. Sending out from a small space into the general environ- 
ment; a substance discharged into the air 
The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the emission of pollutants into the air. 
Usage tips Emission is usually followed by an of phrase. Parts of speech emit v
214
Q

extinction n.

A

Complete disappearance; the end of existence Human beings have caused the extinction of many other species. Usage tips Extinction implies an absolute end; an extinct thing cannot be brought back into existence. Parts of speech extinct adj

215
Q
  1. reservoir n.

A
  1. A place where a liquid is collected and stored
Cult members threatened to poison the town’s water reservoir. 
Parts of speech reserve v
216
Q
  1. shrink v.

A
  1. To become reduced in size, amount, or value
If you dry your clothing on the “high heat” setting, they may shrink. Parts of speech shrinkage n, shrinkable adj
217
Q

stable adj.

A

Firm and dependable; showing little change He fell because the ladder wasn’t stable. Parts of speech stability n, stably adv

218
Q

adjust v.

A

To change; to get accustomed to something Travelers are advised to adjust their watches before arriving in the new time zone. Parts of speech adjustment n, adjustable adj

219
Q

arbitrary adj.

A

Chosen simply by whim or chance, not for any specific reason
The decision to build a school in Blackberry Township was arbitrary, without any thought to future housing patterns. Parts of speech arbitrate v, arbitrator n, arbitrarily adv

220
Q

denominator n.

A

The number written below the line in a fraction In the fraction 1⁄2, the number 2 is the denominator. Usage tips The phrase lowest common denominator means “the most basic and unsophisticated things that most people share.” Parts of speech denominate v, denomination n, denominational adj

221
Q

exponentially adv


A
  1. At a very fast rate
In Turkey, the value of the lira has decreased exponentially in the 
last several decades. 
Usage tips Exponentially is taken from mathematics, where an exponent is a number indicating how many times something is multiplied by itself. For example, 43 contains the exponent “3,” indicating 4 × 4 × 4. 
Parts of speech exponent n, exponential adj
222
Q
  1. infinitesimal adj.
A
  1. Immeasurably small 
The number of contaminants in the water was infinitesimal, so the water was safe to drink. 
Parts of speech infinitesimally adv
223
Q
  1. maximize v.

A
  1. To increase or make as great as possible
A coach helps each athlete maximize his or her potential. 
Parts of speech maximum n, maximum adj
224
Q

parallel adj

A

Being an equal distance apart everywhere
The street where I live runs parallel to the main road through town. Usage tips Parallel is often followed by to. Parts of speech parallel n, parallel adv

225
Q

proportion n.

A

A part in relation to the whole
The average employee spends a large proportion of each workday answering e-mails.
Usage tips Proportion is often followed by of.
Parts of speech proportionate adj, proportionally adv

226
Q

rate n.

A

The cost per unit of a good or service; the motion or change that happens in a certain time. Postal rates in Japan are among the highest in the world Some grasses grow at the rate of one inch per day. Parts of speech rate v, rating n

227
Q

sequence v.

A

To organize or arrange in succession
Volunteers have been asked to sequence the files and organize the boxes.
Parts of speech sequence n, sequentially adv

228
Q

accuracy n.

A

Precision; exactness The research department checks all our articles for accuracy of facts before we print them. Usage tips Accuracy is often followed by of. Parts of speech accurate adj, accurately adv

229
Q

adjacent adj.

A

Next to
Even though the villages are adjacent to each other, their residents speak different languages.
Usage tips Adjacent is often followed by to. Parts of speech adjacency n

230
Q

compress v.

A

To press together
To make the foundation stronger, they compressed the soil before pouring the concrete.
Parts of speech compression n, compressed adj

231
Q
  1. feasibly adv.

A
  1. Practically; in a way that can work
Scientists can’t feasibly bring energy from deep ocean currents to 
where it is needed—on land.
Parts of speech feasibility n, feasible adj
232
Q
  1. gut v.

A
  1. To empty or hollow out
In order to remodel the house, we must first gut it and throw away 
all the old fixtures. 
Usage tips Gut also means “the stomach of an animal”; this verb makes an image, that the inside of a building is like the inside of an animal. 
Parts of speech gut n, gutted adj
233
Q
  1. integrally adv.
A
  1. In a whole or complete manner 
Writing and spelling are taught integrally as part of the reading program. 
Parts of speech integrate v, integrity n, integral n, integral adj
234
Q

overlap v.

A

To lie over part of something; to have elements in common One of the two assistants will likely get fired, since most of their du- ties in the office overlap. Parts of speech overlap n

235
Q
  1. retain v
A
  1. To keep or hold 
The rain fell so heavily that the banks of the river could not retain all the water. 
Parts of speech retainer n, retention n
236
Q
  1. seep v.

A
  1. To pass slowly for a long time, as a liquid or gas might
As the containers rusted, the toxic waste seeped into the ground. Usage tips Seep is often followed by into or through.
237
Q

structure n.

A

Something constructed, such as a building
Most companies have a social structure that can’t be understood by outsiders.
Parts of speech structure v, structural adj, structurally adv

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