T 2 Flashcards
in effect
in reality,in facteffectively,virtually
figment
invention,production,creation,خیال،وهم
encounter
meet,experience,confort،رویارو شدن،برخورد کردن،مواجه شدن
stance
attitude,point of view
axiomatic
بدیهی، حاوى پند یا گفته هاى اخلاقی
pivotal
محورى، اساسی، موثر
prosperity
موفقیت، كامیابی، كامكارى
controversy
هم ستیزى، مباحثه، جدال، ستیزه، بحث/disagreement, dispute, argument, debate, dissension, contention, disputation,
privilege
advantage, right, benefit,honour, pleasure
eliminate
remove, get rid of, abolish, put an end to,knock out, beat, get rid of; rule out, disqualify
discrimination
تمیز، فرق گذارى، تبعیض,differentiation, distinction/
distinction
تمیز، فرق، امتیاز، برترى، ترجیح، رجحان، تشخیص
conspicuous
انگشت نما، پدیدار، اشكار، توى چشم خورnoticeable, observable/
infancy
early childhood; one’s early years,beginnings, very beginnings
outdo
surpass, outshine, do better than; overshadow;excel, exceed, transcend, top, cap, trump, beat, better, outdistance, outstrip, outrun, outpace, lead, leave behind, get (further) ahead of, gain on, draw away from, overtake, pass;
Appex of success
aaa
handful
a small number, a small amount
uproot
pull up, root out, take out, rip out/up;get rid of, eliminate;بركندن، ریشه كن كردن
replete
(adj)well fed;filled, full,كاملا پر، لبریز، چاق، تكمیل، انباشته
occupation
job, profession, work;pastime, activity,;residence, residency, habitation;capture
endeavour
(Verb & Noun) try, attempt, venture
aptitude
talent, gift, flair, bent, skillاستعداد، گنجایش، شایستگی، لیاقت، تمایل طبیعی، میل ذاتی/
unsurpassable
not able to be exceeded in quality or degree
nurture
(V & N) bring up, care for, provide for, take care of;cultivate, grow, keep, tend;encourage, promote, stimulate,
unquestionable
indubitable, undoubted;(unquestioning) محقق، غیرقابل منازعه، غیرقابل اعتراض، رد نكردنی
accomodation
همسازى، تطابق، جا، منزل، وسایل راحتی، تطبیق، موافقت، سازش با مقتضیات محیط، وام، كمك، مساعده
expenditure
n; spending, paying out;outgoings, costs, payments, expenses,
recompense
compensate, indemnify, repay;reward, pay, pay back;make up for, compensate for
cultivate talent
aaa
prosper
كامكار شدن، رونق یافتن، موفق شدن، كامیاب شدن، پیشرفت كردن
colleague
fellow worker, workmate, teammate, co-worker, associate, partner
diligence
كوشش پیوسته، سعی و كوشش، پشت كار
penetrate
seep,soak,slip into, نفوذ كردن در، بداخل سرایت كردن، رخنه كردن
promotive impact
aaa
heal
make better, make well, cure, treat successfully
divine
خدایی، یزدانی، الهی، كشیش، استنباط كردن، غیب گویی كردن
inexpressible
indescribable, undefinable, unspeakable/غیر قابل اظهار، نا گفتنی، غیرقابل بیان
soul
spirit;person, human being, individual;inspiration, feeling, emotion, passion
Interpretation
explanation;meaning, understanding, ;analysis, reading, evaluation,
through
(=thru) از میان، از وسط، از توى، بخاطر، بواسطه، سرتاسر، از اغاز تا انتها، كاملا، تمام شده، تمام
inevitable
نا چار، نا گزیر، اجتناب نا پذیر، چاره نا پذیر، غیر قابل امتناع، حتما، حتمی الوقوع، بدیهیunavoidable, inescapable,/
clash
confrontation,incident, conflict, fight, battle;argument;mismatch;coincidence;striking
tactful
مبادى اداب، بانزاكت، موقع شناس، دنیا دار
soar/soar up
بلند پروازى كردن، بلند پرواز كردن، بالا رفتن، بالغ شدن بر، صعود كردن، بالاروى، اوج گرفتن
tedious
boring,dull,uninteresting
Willpower
عزم راسخ، تصمیم جدى، نیروى اراده
proficiency
skill, skilfulness, expertise, experience, ability, capability, capacity/زبردستی، چیرگی، مهارت، تخصص، كارایی
exhibit
(v)put on display, put on show, display, show, show to the public;show, reveal, display, manifest, evince;(n)object on display, item, piece
erudition
learning, scholarship, knowledge, education, culture, intellect, academic/فضل و دانش، دانشورى
employ willpower
aaa
propagete
breed, grow, cultivate, generate;spread
aspire
desire (to), aim for/to, hope for/to/ارزو داشتن، ارزو كردن، اشتیاق داشتن، هوش داشتن (با after یا for یاat )، بلند پروازى كردن، بالا رفتن، فرو بردن، استنشاق كردن
reciprocity
معامله بمثل،(n) عمل متقابل/متقابل، عمل متقابل، دوجانبه، دو طرفه (adj)reciprocal
ally
(n)associate, colleague, friend, confederate, partner, supporter, accomplice, helper/(v)combine, marry, couple, merge/(v)unite, join, join up/(allies, allying, allied)
penchant
میل شدید، علاقه، ذوق، میل وافر، امادگی
sympathy
همدمی، همدردى، دلسوى، رقت، همفكرى، (n)
commiserate
دلسوزى كردن، ترحم كردن بر، تسلیت گفتن بر، اظهار تاسف كردن
rational
logical, reasoned, well reasoned, sensible, reasonable/مستدل، مدلل، معقول، عقلانی، منطقی
underestimate
set too low, underrate; miscalculate/ناچیز پنداشتن، دست كم گرفتن، تخمین كم
acquire
obtain, come by, come to have, get, receive, gain, earn, win, come into, come in for
jagged road of success
ناهموار
intention
قصد، منظور، خیال، غرض، مفهوم، سگال
intimacy
closeness, togetherness, affinity;sexual relations, sexual intercourse
intimate
(adj)Close; Friendly, warm, welcoming, hospitable; Personal, private, confidential. secret; Detailed; Sexual; (noun) close friend;(v) announce, state; imply,suggest.
extent
area, size, expanse, length, stretch, range;degree, scale, level, magnitude
burden
load;Responsibility; substance ; (v) Load,weight, charge; cause trouble to
eagerly
مشتاقانه
prone
susceptible, vulnerable, liable;(lying) face down, face downwards, ;متمایل، مستعد، مهیا، درازكش، دمر
expedite
(v) speed up, accelerate, hurry,; smooth the way for;
mandatory
اجبارى;الزامی، الزام اورobligatory;required;necessary;
foster/foster a culture
encourage, promote, further, stimulate;bring up, rear, raise, care for, take care of
comprehension
understanding, ability to understand
ironic
sarcastic/طعنهامیز، طعنهزن، طعنهاى، كنایهدار
thus far
hitherto*,so far, until now/then, up until now/then, till now/then, up to now/then, up to this/that point;
steadfast
ثابت قدم، استوار، پابرجاى، خیرهloyal, faithful, committed, devoted, dedicated, dependable, reliable, steady, true constant
commit
سپردن، مرتكب شدن، اعزام داشتن براى (مجازات و غیره)، متعهدبانجامامرى نمودن، سرسپردن
frustration
عقیم گذارى، خنثی سازى، محروم سازى، نا امیدى
on account of
because of, owing to, due to, as a consequence of, thanks to, through, by reason of,
caught in a dispute
ااا
fetus
جنین
fetal
جنینی، وابسته به جنین
fatal
deadly کشنده.كشنده، مهلك، مصیبت امیز، وخیم
anticipate
expect, foresee(v), predict;look forward to, await, count the days until;
fragment
(n)piece, bit, particle;bit,part,section; (v)break up, break, break into pieces/ fragmented into…
ambition
aspiration, intention, goal, aim, objective, object, purpose, intent, plan, scheme, mission, calling, vocation, desire, wish, design, target, end, dream, hope. /بلند همتی، جاه طلبی، ارزو، جاه طلب بودن/ drive, determination, desire,
intent
(n) aim, purpose, intention; (adj) bent, set, determined;attentive, absorbed, / نیت، قصد، مرام، مفاد، معنی، منظور، مصمم
impartial
بیطرف، بیغرض، راست بین، عادل، منصفانه
promote
advance, upgrade, give promotion to, give a higher position to, elevate, move up, raise, improve the position/status of ; encourage, further, advance, assist, aid, help, contribute to ; advertise, publicize;
acquire
obtain, come by, come to have, get, receive, gain, earn, win, come into
inferior
(adj & n) lower in rank, status, or quality,or position/ a person lower than another in rank…
subordinate
lower in rank or position/ a person under the authority or control of another within an organization. / treat or regard as of lesser importance than something else /(adj & n & v))
inflame
provoke or intensify (strong feelings, especially anger) in someone/بر افروختن، بههیجان اوردن، (طب) داراى اماس كردن، ملتهب كردن، اتش گرفتن، عصبانی و ناراحت كردن، متراكم كردن
impact
(n)collision, crash, smash, clash, bump, bang, knock; contact; force, full force, shock; effect, influence, impression; (v)crash into, smash into, collide with, be in collision with, hit, strike; affect, influence, have an effect, have an influence; strike, hit,
withstand
(v)resist, hold out against, stand firm against;
evoke
1 bring or recall (a feeling, memory, or image) to the conscious mind / 2 invoke (a spirit or deity).
invoke
(v)cite, refer to;pray to, call on, appeal to;summon, call (up), bring;
partial
(adj)incomplete, limited, qualified, restricted, imperfect, fragmentary, unfinished. ANTONYMS complete, total, whole./ biased, prejudiced, partisan/
be partial to
Celeste was partial to bacon sandwiches: like, love, enjoy
prejudice
(n & v) تبعیض، تعصب، غرض، غرض ورزى، قضاوت تبعیض امیز، خسارت وضرر، تبعیض كردن، پیش داورى
distinctive
distinguishing, characteristic, typical, individual, particular
discrete
separate, distinct, individual, detached, unattached, disconnected, discontinuous, disjunct, disjoined. ANTONYMS connected.
flaw
درز، رخنه، عیب، خدشه، عیب دار كردن، ترك برداشتن، تند باد، اشوب ناگهانی، كاستی
irritate
annoy,make angry,;inflame ,aggravate; hurt, pain
stimulus
انگیختار، محرك، انگیزه، وسیله تحریك، تحرك، تحریك
inducement
attraction, encouragement, temptation, incitement, stimulation/ انگیزه، موجب، وسیله، مسبب، كشش
provocation
action or speech that makes someone angry, especially deliberately
empirical
based on, concerned with, or verifiable by observation or experience rather than theory or pure logic/ experimental
firm
(adj)Hard; Secure; Strong; *Resolute,decided; firm friend:close; (n)company, business, concern, enterprise, venture…; (v)firm up?
a firm hand
strict discipline or control.
tremendous
enormous, immense/ excellent, wonderful, marvellous/ شگرف، ترسناك، مهیب، فاحش، عجیب، عظیم
impetus
motivation, stimulus, incitement, incentive, inducement, inspiration, encouragement, boost; urging, pressing, goading, spurring, prodding;
prior
earlier, previous, preceding, foregoing
suppress
موقوف كردن، توقیف كردن، فرو نشاندن، خواباندن، پایمال كردن، مانع شدن، تحتفشار قرار دادن، منكوب كر دن
restrain
control, keep under control; prevent, stop; prohibit, ban; tie up, bind
avoid the impact of
avoid the effect/ influence/impression of
friction
discord, strife, conflict, friction, hostility; disagreement, lack of agreement, dissension, dispute/ abrasion(سایش،خراش)
neglect
(v & n)fail to care for, fail to provide for, leave alone, abandon; pay no attention to; disregard, ignore, pay no attention to; fail, omit, forget, not remember
attend
be present at; pay attention;care for, look after; deal with,take responsibility for; escort, accompany, guard; be accompanied by, be associated with
accompany
go with, go along with, travel with; occur with, co-occur with, coincide with; play with, play for, support.
fever
World Cup football fever: excitement; high temperature
entitle
(v)qualify, make eligible, authorize,; title, name, call, give the title of, label
affirm
declare, state, assert, aver, proclaim, pronounce, attest; uphold, support, defend, maintain, confirm
consent/ assent
(n & v)agreement, assent/ agree to, assent to, allow, give permission for,
circumstance
چگونگی، شرح، تفصیل، رویداد، امر، پیشامد، (درجمع) شرایط محیط، اهمیت
substantiate
prove, give proof of, show to be true, give substance to, support/ ماهیت جسمانی دادن به، شكل مادى بخشیدن به، با دلیل ومدرك اثبات كردن
tendency
trend, movement, drift, penchant, propensity/گرایش، تمایل، میل، توجه، استعداد، زمینه، علاقه مختصر
prospect
likelihood, hope, expectation; possibilities, potential, promise, expectations; vision, thought, idea; view, vista, outlook, perspective, panorama, aspect, scene/ (v)inspect, survey;search, look/ معدن كاوى كردن، دور نما، چشم انداز، انتظار، پیش بینی، جنبه، منظره، امیدانجام چیزى، اكتشاف كردن، مساحی
apparently
seemingly, evidently, it seems (that), it would seem (that), it appears (that)
legitimate
conforming to the law or to rules; able to be defended with logic or justification; legal,rightful,valid
roughly
violently, forcefully, forcibly;ANTONYMS gently; harshly, unkindly, severely,ANTONYMS kindly, gently; approximately, about
chiefly
mainly, in the main, primarily, principally; especially, particularly, essentially; مخصوصا، بطور عمده
resemble
look like, be similar to, be like, bear a resemblance to
bear
carry; display; support; sustain; withstand; endure; tolerate; give birth to; communicate; produce; curve(Veer);
survey
(v)look at; interview, question; estimate the value of(a house ex.); (n)study, consideration; review, investigation; valuation;
sth as opposed to that of sb
….که مخالفت میکند با…ه اون !؟
objective
impartial, unbiased; factual, actual, real, empirical, verifiable; (n)aim, intention, purpose, target, goal, intent, object, end
utilitarian
مطلوبیت چیزى بخاطرسودمندى ان، معتقد باصل اخلاقی سودمند گرایی، سودمندگرا; practical, functional, serviceable, useful, sensible, effective
rarely
seldom, infrequently, on rare occasions; ANTONYMS often, frequently.
habit
(n.):عادت، خو، مشرب، ظاهر، جامه، لباس روحانیت، روش طرز رشد، رابطه، (vt.&vi):جامه پوشیدن، اراستن، معتاد كردن، زندگی كردن
evaluate
assess, assess the worth of, put a value/price on; judge; estimate, appraise,
contributary
كمك كننده، موجب، خراج گذار; playing a part in bringing something about;
practically
almost, nearly, very nearly, virtually, just about, all but, more or less, in effect; realistically, sensibly, reasonably
profound
heartfelt, intense, keen, great, very great, extreme; complete, utter, total, absolute; far-reaching, radical, extensive; wise, learned, clever, intelligent; complex, abstract, deep
flourish
grow, thrive, prosper, grow/do well, develop; progress, make progress, advance, make headway, develop, improve, become better, mature; brandish, wave, shake
mature
(adj)adult, grown-up; sensible, responsible, adult; ripe, ripened, mellow, ready(ripe tomato); careful, thorough, deep, considered; / (v)be fully grown; become more sensible/responsible/adult; ripen, grow ripe, become ripe; develop, grow, evolve
impulsive
كسیكه از روى انگیزهانی و بدون فكر قبلی عمل میكند
attentive
alert, awake, watchful, wide awake, observant; conscientious, considerate, thoughtful; مواظب، ملتفت، متوجه، بادقت
deliberate
intentional, calculated, conscious, done on purpose, purposeful; careful, cautious; methodical, systematic, careful; (v)think about, think over, ponder, consider
justify
give grounds for, give reasons for, give a justification for, show just cause for, explain, give an explanation for, account for, show/prove to be reasonable, provide a rationale for, rationalize; defend; warrant, be good reason for, be a justification for; bear out, confirm
intellectual
mental, cerebral, cognitive; rational, psychological, abstract, conceptual, theoretical, analytical, logical; academic; rare mindly, phrenic, ratiocinative. ANTONYMS physical; intelligent, clever, academic, well educated
to cope
manage, survive, subsist(زنده ماندن), look after oneself; cope with: deal with, handle, manage
paucity
the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities or amounts: a paucity of information.
conduct
(n)behaviour, way of behaving, performance, comportment; management, managing, running, direction, control; (v)manage, direct, run, be in control of; escort, guide, lead; transmit, convey, carry, transfer
put aside
1 save money for future use; 2 forget or disregard something, typically a feeling or a past difference of opinion.
collaborate
cooperate, join (up), join forces, team up, get together, come together, band together, work together, work jointly, participate
threat
threatening remark, warning, ultimatum; danger, peril, hazard, menace, risk.; possibility, chance, probability, likelihood, risk, danger, peril, menace, fear, prospect.
emerge
emanate, come out, appear, make an appearance; turn up, spring up, come up, surface, crop up, pop up; become known, become apparent, become evident, be revealed, unfold
harsh
grating, jarring, grinding; glaring, bright; cruel, severe, savage; rude,impolite; hard, rough, severe;
barren
unproductive, infertile; childless; pointless, futile, worthless;
persuade
prevail on, talk someone into, coax, convince, induce; cause, lead, move, dispose, incline, motivate, induce.
breeze
gentle wind, breath of wind; easy task, easy job
deposit
(n)accumulation, sediment, sublimate; layer, covering, coating, dusting, blanket; down payment, part payment, advance payment; (v)put (down), place, lay (down), set (down); leave behind, leave, set down, let settle, precipitate; lodge, bank, house, store, .
bare
(n & v)naked; empty, unfurnished, clear, free, uncovered, desert, treeless; straightforward, plain, simple, basic, pure, essential; mere, no more than;
incorporate
absorb, include, subsume, assimilate, integrate, take in; embody, include, comprise, contain, embrace; blend, mix, mingle, combine, put together, merge; ANTONYMS separate.
foster
encourage, promote, further, stimulate;bring up, rear, raise, care for, take care of
conducive
good for, helpful to, useful for; favourable, beneficial/ موجب شونده، سودمند، مساعد، منجر شونده
decomposition
decay, rotting, going bad; breaking up, breaking apart, fragmenting; separation, division, breakdown, break-up; dissection
abundantly
copiously, plentifully, amply, profusely, exuberantly, prolifically, luxuriantly, in profusion, in abundance, in great quantity, in large quantities, in plenty, aplenty, in huge numbers, freely, extensively, everywhere, all over the place; literary bounteously, plenteously. ANTONYMS sparsely.; extremely, exceedingly, exceptionally, especially, extraordinarily, extra, tremendously, immensely, vastly, hugely, singularly, significantly, distinctly, outstandingly, uncommonly, unusually, decidedly, particularly, eminently, supremely, highly, remarkably, really, truly, mightily, thoroughly; all that, to a great extent, most, so; sufficiently, …
propagate
breed, grow, cultivate, generate; reproduce, multiply, proliferate, breed, procreate; spread, disseminate, communicate, pass on
appreciate
1 recognize the full worth of; 2 understand (a situation) fully; grasp the full implications of; 3 [no obj.] rise in value or price; be grateful for, be thankful for; value, respect, prize; acknowledge, recognize, realize; increase, gain, grow, build up
commodity
merchandise, goods, sth useful
spectacularly
impressively, breathtakingly, sensationally
rigid
stiff, hard, firm, inflexible; fixed, set; strict, severe, stern
inveterate
confirmed, hardened, chronic, hard-core, incorrigible; habitual, addicted, compulsive, obsessive, obsessional; staunch, steadfast, committed, devoted, dedicated; ingrained, deep-seated, deep-rooted, deep-set, entrenched, established, long-established, congenital; ineradicable, incurable, irredeemable.// دیرنه، ریشه كرده، معتاد، سر سخت، كینهامیز
trait
quality, characteristic
temting
entice, persuade, convince, inveigle, induce; allure, attract, appeal to; ANTONYMS discourage, deter, dissuade; repel, put off.
plague
bother, harass; annoy, pester
proliferation
rapid increase, growth, multiplication, spread, escalation, expansion, build-up, buildout, burgeoning, snowballing, mushrooming. ANTONYMS decrease.
convince
persuade*, satisfy, prove to, assure, put someone’s mind at rest, induce*, prevail on
according to
1)as stated by, as maintained by, as claimed by, on the authority of, on the report of, in the opinion of.; 2)as specified by, as per, in accordance with, in compliance with, in agreement with; 3)in proportion to, proportional to, commensurate with, in relation to, relative to, corresponding to, dependent on, based on.
prevalent
widespread, prevailing, frequent, usual, common, general, universal, pervasive, extensive, ubiquitous, ordinary; endemic, rampant, rife; recognized, established, accepted; current, popular, fashionable, in fashion, in style, in vogue. ANTONYMS uncommon, rare.
assess
evaluate, judge, gauge, rate, estimate, appraise, form an opinion of, check out, form an impression of, make up one’s mind about, get the measure of, determine, weigh up, analyse; informal size up./ value, put a value on, calculate, compute, work out, determine, fix, cost, price, estimate.
undergo
verb((undergoes, undergoing, underwent, undergone)); He underwent a life-saving brain operation.
strict
precise, exact, stringent, rigorous, severe, harsh, hard, stern, severe, harsh; absolute, utter, complete, total, perfect.;
remarkable
extraordinary, exceptional, amazing, astonishing, astounding, marvellous, wonderful, sensational, stunning, incredible, unbelievable, miraculous, phenomenal, prodigious; striking, outstanding, momentous, impressive, singular, signal, pre-eminent, memorable, unforgettable, never to be forgotten, unique, arresting, eye-catching, conspicuous, noteworthy, notable, great, considerable, distinctive, important, distinguished, prominent; out of the ordinary, unusual, uncommon, rare, surprising, curious, strange, odd, peculiar, uncanny; informal fantastic, terrific, tremendous, stupendous, awesome, out of this world, unreal; ANTONYMS ordinary, commonplace, run-of-the-mill.
dynamism
energy, spirit, liveliness, zestfulness, vitality, vigour, vigorousness, strength, forcefulness, power, powerfulness, potency, positiveness, positivity, effectiveness, efficacy; aggression, aggressiveness, boldness, drive, push, ambition, enterprise; magnetism, flamboyance, passion, fire
enthusiastic
eager, keen, avid / مشتاق، علاقهمند/ ANTONYMS apathetic.بی احساس، بی تفاوت، بی روح
cognizant
aware, conscious, apprised, abreast; sensible of/to, alive to, sensitive to, alert to, familiar with, acquainted with
notion
1) idea, belief, concept, conception, conviction, opinion, view, thought, impression, image, perception, mental picture; assumption, presumption, hypothesis, theory, supposition; feeling, funny feeling, suspicion, sneaking suspicion, hunch; 2)understanding, idea, awareness, knowledge, clue, inkling; 3)impulse, inclination, whim, desire, wish, fancy, caprice, whimsy.
arrogant
Stopping being arrogant,… / گردن فراز، متكبر، خودبین، گستاخ، پرنخوت / ANTONYMS humble, modest. /arrogantly adverb
cultivate a sense of responsibility
aaa
all generation as a close-knit family
aaa
As an illustration to this concept, consider the following example.
aaa
that is to say
in other words, to put it another way, to rephrase it; i.e., that is
in moderation
in moderate quantities, in moderate amounts, within reasonable limits,
cope
manage (cope with: deal with, handle, manage)
provide with
equip, furnish: please provide her with the necessary documents
feat
achievement, accomplishment, attainment; كار برجسته، شاهكار، كار بزرگ، فتح نمایان;
cooperative
collaborative, collective; helpful, eager to help, eager to please
indelible
ineradicable, inerasable, ineffaceable; unforgettable, haunting, memorable;
