Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

NUTR 2050 Final > Toddlers and Preschoolers > Flashcards

Toddlers and Preschoolers Flashcards

1
Q

Toddler

A

Between the ages of 1-3 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the toddler stage characterized by?

A

Rapid increase in gross and fine motor skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Preschoolers

A

Between the ages of 3 and 5 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the preschoolers stage characterized by?

A

increasing autonomy, broader social circumstances, increasing language skills, expanding self control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Recommended weaning age

A

12-24 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What might early weaning result in?

A

impaired growth (due to reduced calories) and/or constipation (from low fluid intake)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What might late weaning result in?

A

problems with feeding and speech development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Recommendations for young children

A
  1. serve small nutritious meals and snacks each day
  2. do not restrict nutritious foods because of their potential allergen content (offer a variety of foods from all 4 food groups)
  3. satisfy their thirst with water
  4. respect your child’s ability to determine how much food to eat
  5. be patient
  6. be a good role model
  7. organize fun physical activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

serve small nutritious meals and snacks each day

A

Have small stomachs, so should eat small meals more often throughout day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

do not restrict nutritious foods because of their potential allergen content (offer a variety of foods from all 4 food groups)

A

different flavours, colours, textures - 2% milk, pb, avocado

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

satisfy their thirst with water

A

vegetable juices > fruit juices

- total of 500 ml (2 cups) of milk/day to meet vit. D requirements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

be a good role model

A

set a good example; start by having meals together as a family as often as possible, turn off tv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

organize fun physical activities

A

bicycling, walking, dancing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do energy needs account for?

A

age, gender, height, weight, physical activity level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Energy needs range?

A

1000-2000 kcal/day

- most Canadian toddlers/preschoolers meet or exceed these recommendations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Protein requirement - 1-3 years

A

1.1 g/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Protein requirement 4-8 years

A

0.9 g/kg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Most toddlers and preschool aged children have adequate vitamin and mineral consumption except for?

A

iron, calcium, vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What nutritional factors may put a preschool child at risk for iron deficiency?

A

high milk consumption and low iron consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Iron RDA 1-3 years?

A

7mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Iron RDA 4-8 years?

A

10mg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What % of Canadian children aged 1-5 years have iron deficiency?

A

3.5-10.5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Negative impacts of iron deficiency?

A

May cause delays in cognitive development and behavioural disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can be done to prevent iron deficiency anemia?

A
  • limit milk consumption to 2 cups

- provide iron rich foods (fortified cereals, hamburger, whole grain or enriched bread, beans, meats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
At what age should high risk infants be screened?
6 and 12 months
26
What can be done to read iron deficiency anemia?
- iron supplements - counselling with parents - repeat screening - micronutrient powders
27
Calcium RDA 1-3 years
700mg/day
28
Calcium RDA 4-8 years
1000mg/day
29
What do calcium levels affect?
peak bone mass
30
Ensure adequate calcium intake through:
- milk and milk alternatives - dark green vegetables - fish with soft bones that are eaten (canned salmon/sardines)
31
Vitamin D RDA 1-8 years
600 IU
32
What % of Canadian children are deficient in vitamin D?
20%
33
What is the risk associated with vitamin D deficiency?
rickets | - characterized by bowing of legs
34
Beginning at age of 3, the DRI equations estimating a child's energy requirements are based on a child's?
- activity level, age, height, gender, weight
35
Characteristics of the toddler
- wants to be independent - "NO" and temper tantrums - want to do things on their own - can be defiant - learning to distinguish physical (e.g. hunger) and feelings (e.g. sad)
36
When do temper tantrums peak?
2-4 years
37
What eating pattern is common at this age?
food jags - only like one particular good and won't swerve away from that
38
Number of meals/day for toddlers?
3 meals and snacks (need structure)
39
Characteristics of a preschooler
- want to be like you - wants to do well and needs praise - although more independent, still needs guidance and support - regular meals and snacks provide opportunities for guidance/support
40
Development of feeding skills of preschool aged children
- can use fork, spoon, cup - temper tantrums occur less frequently - food should be cut into bite size pieces - adult supervision still required
41
Feeding preschoolers
- get them to serve themselves - encourage to start with 2-3 tbsp of food and provide more if they ask - help with simple food prep - practice behaviour that makes meals enjoyable - prepare foods you enjoy and food acceptance will happen
42
Poor feeding behaviours
- "clean your plate" (fail to listen to hunger cues) - instrumental feeding (using food as a reward) - heavy restriction of less healthy foods
43
Common feeding pitfalls
- don't try to get foods into child - don't expect child to be consistent - avoid too much or too little hunger - don't allow grazing
44
Steps to overcoming pitfalls
- prepare food that you and your family like - offer everyone the same meal - provide 4-5 dishes (including bread) - include familiar and unfamiliar foods - teach and model appropriate eating behaviour - know children's needs
45
On average toddlers gain?
8 oz per month
46
On average preschoolers gain?
4lbs per year
47
What % of children aged 2-5 years are overweight/obese?
13%
48
BMI percentile for overweight?
BMI > 85th percentile
49
BMI percentile for obese?
BMI > 97th percentile
50
Exercise requirements for toddler and preschoolers?
180 minutes of physical activity/day (any intensity - recess, climbing stairs) and work up to 60 minutes/day of high intensity
51
Interpersonal and environmental factors affecting toddlers and preschoolers?
- child care - neighbourhood environment - family influence - peers - parenting style - media
52
Authoritarian
Control child's eating, restricting food, forcing other food | - low warmth/high demandingness
53
Indulgent
Minimal guidance/structure, child eats whatever, whenever | - high warmth/low demandingness
54
Neglectful
parenting is absent, foods available may be inadequate/inappropriate - low warmth/low demandingness
55
Authoritative
balanced approach; parent determines what is offered, child determines what is eaten - high warmth/high demandingness
56
Compared to authoritative parenting, authoritarian parents' children were ? more likely to be obese?
4x
57
Compared to authoritative parenting, indulgent parents' children were ? more likely to be obese?
2x
58
Compared to authoritative parenting, neglectful parents' children were ? more likely to be obese?
2x
59
Screen time for children 0-2 years?
no recommended
60
Screen time for children 2-4 years?
limited to under an hour/day
61
Each 1 hour increment in TV viewing was associated with:
- higher intakes of sugar sweetened beverages, fast food, red and processed meats, energy intake, percent energy intake from trans fat - lower intakes of fruit and vegetables, calcium and dietary fiber
62
What are global guidelines geared towards?
Promoting government initiatives to reduce/eliminate the marketing of these foods to children (high in saturated fats, trans fatty acids, sugars, salts)
63
To reduce risk of obesity, decrease:
- sugar sweetened beverages - energy dense foods - TV screen time - fast foods - portion sizes
64
To reduce risk of obesity, increase:
- calcium rich diets - diets high in fiber - veggies/fruits - daily breakfast - physical activity
65
Treatment guideline for overweight/obesity
Stage 1. Prevention plus - behaviour change and more frequent follow up Stage 2. Structure weight management - planned diet/eating plan (with RD), logs to monitor behaviour, monthly follow up Stage 3. comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention - more intensive intervention, multiple health professionals, weekly follow up visits
66
What is nutrition screening?
Process of identifying characteristics known to be associated with nutrition problems - completed by dieticians or health care professionals in various settings - determines need for further nutritional assessment
67
Why screen?
- early identification of problems - to prevent serious consequences in the future - to provide treatment when needed - to identify who needs services, treatment and referrals - to promote awareness and behaviour change
68
Nutrition screening tools
- contain measures/questions focusing on known risk factors - usually short check lists - nutritional risk increases with increased presence of risk factors - categorizes individuals based on needs for further assessment/follow up - MUST be followed appropriately
69
What is NutriSTEP?
nutrition screening tool for every preschooler - screening tools for both toddlers/preschoolers - valid and reliable measure of nutrition risk - parent administered - determines 3 levels of risk (low, moderate, high)
70
NutriSTEP provides?
- early identification of potential nutritional problems - parent referral to community resources - parental nutritional education - support in evaluating preschool nutrition interventions - a means of monitoring community nutrition programs
71
NutriSTEP results - % 18 months - 5 years high risk?
10-20%

NUTR 2050 Final (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions