School-aged Children Flashcards
1
Q
Middle childhood
A
between the ages of 5-10 years of age`
2
Q
Pre-adolescence
A
ages 9-11 for girls, ages 10-12 for boys
3
Q
Pre-Adolescence also known as?
A
school-aged
4
Q
What is unique about this age?
A
- key for preparation for the physical and emotional demands of the adolescent growth spurt
- establishing healthy eating patterns
- interventions help prevent immediate and long term health problems
- adequate nutrition associated with cognitive and physiological development
5
Q
Cognitive development in school-aged children
A
- achievement of self-efficacy (the knowledge of what to do and the ability to do it)
- developing sense of self
- more independent (learning role in family)
- peer relationships become more important
- adequate nutrition associated with improved academic performance
6
Q
Physiological development in school-aged children characterized by?
A
- increases in muscular strength, motor coordination and overall stamina
- boys generally have more lean tissue
7
Q
What age does adiposity rebound occur?
A
About 6 years
8
Q
What is adiposity rebound?
A
In early childhood, body fat reaches a minimum then increases in relation to the body’s preparation for adolescent growth spurt
- minimum in girls = 16% and males = 13%
- tends to be earlier and greater in females
9
Q
The earlier adiposity rebound occurs is associated with?
A
Obesity risk
10
Q
Development of feeding skills?
A
- increased motor coordination and improved feeding skills
- masters use of utensils
- involved in food prep
- complexities of skills increases with age
11
Q
What does energy level vary with?
A
Activity level and body size
- equations available based on gender, age, height, weight, activity level
12
Q
Protein DRI for 4-13 years?
A
0.95 g/kg BW/day
13
Q
Acceptable macronutrient distribution range (AMDR)
A
the range of intake for a particular macronutrient source (protein, fat, carb), expressed as % of total energy (kcal), that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing sufficient amounts of essential nutrients
14
Q
What is the total recommended intake of total fibre for children aged 4-8?
A
25g/day
15
Q
Fibre benefits
A
- provides fuel for beneficial bacteria within in lower GI tract
- aids with waste removal from GI tract
16
Q
Digestible fibre is beneficial to prevent?
A
chronic diseases, GI cancers, heart health
17
Q
Nutrients of concern at this age?
A
- low fibre
- low calcium
- high sodium
18
Q
Risks for iron deficiency include:
A
- limited access to iron rich foods
- a low iron or other specialized diet (vegan, vegetarian)
- medical conditions that affect iron status (malaria, parasitize infections)
19
Q
Iron status at this stage?
A
Usually adequate
20
Q
Who skips breakfast?
A
- 1/4 of 4th graders
- 2/5 of 8th graders
- 2/3 of high school girls
- 1/2 or more of high school boys
21
Q
Skipping breakfast is associated with?
A
Higher risk of obesity, poorer learning outcomes
22
Q
A child with a BMI equal to or greater than 85th percentile but less than the 90th percentile can be classified as?
A
overweight
23
Q
What is wondered the “Gold standard” for determining growth/health in children?
A
Growth charts
24
Q
Food Security
A
all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active/healthy lifestyle
25
Which components make up food security?
- food availability
- food access
- food supply and systems
- cultural acceptability
26
Food availability
quality and quantity of food is important
| - to meet daily energy, macronutrient and micronutrient needs
27
Food secure
always enough food
28
Moderate or acute food insecurity
Sometimes there was not enough food (e.g. compromised nutrition)
29
Severe or chronic food insecurity
Often there was not enough food (e.g. extensively compromised intake)
30
Individuals most at risk for food insecurity?
- families with children
- families receiving government benefits
- single parent households
- indigenous families
31
Primary predictor of child's weight?
Food cost in region
32
Other predictors of child's weight?
Mother's education, family income
33
Adiposity rebound is sometimes interpreted as?
The beginning of obesity
34
Parental controls and restriction of "forbidden foods" may increase desire and intake of?
These foods
35
Weight related teasing associated with:
- increased frequent dieting
- increased extreme weight control behaviours
- increased binge eating
- increased depressive symptoms
- decreased self-esteem
- decreased body satisfaction
36
Preventative measures of obesity?
- limit sugar sweetened beverages
- limit TV
- limit fast foods
- limit portions
- limit energy dense foods
- have daily breakfasts
- encourage fruits and veggies
- promote calcium rich diets
- promote diets high in fibre
- promote physical activity
37
What seems to work in preventing obesity?
Combination of clinical and school based multi-component programs
- components = physical activity, parent training/modelling, behavioural counselling, nutrition education
38
Sätter institut suggests:
- parent is still leader for meals and food selection
- arrange for your child to have 3 family-friendly meals a day at set times
- let her eat her way (fast/slowly, much or little, some of everything or 1 or 2 foods)
- let her have more of any food, even if she hasn't cleaned her plate
- say no to between times food and beverage grazing except for water
39
Physical activity for children 5-17
- 60+ minutes/day of moderate to intense exercise
- 3+ days/week intense exercise
- 3+ days/week muscle building activity
40
What % of children get enough physical activity?
7% achieve 60+ minutes of exercise 6+days/week
41
Parent responsibility:
- provide safe space, activity
- organize fun family activities
- limit sedentary activities
- remove TV and computer from child's room
- child has to learn to address their own potential lack of motivation
42
What is the recommended amount of exercise children should participate in?
60 minutes/day
43
Why are schools in a unique position to support healthy eating?
- reach nearly all children
- captive audience
- venue for both nutrition and education
- role modeling/social norms (staff peers)
- may have positive influence on family
44
School environment may provide?
- school food and beverage policy
- breakfast/snack programs
- access to off campus vendors
- heath curriculum
45
When did the ontario school food and beverage policy come into effect?
Sept 2011
46
What is the ontario school food and beverage policy ?
nutrition standards for food and beverages sold in elementary and secondary schools
47
What does the ontario school food and beverage policy apply to?
all venues - cafeterias, vending machines, "tuck shops" and events on school property - bake sales, sports events
48
ontario school food and beverage policy - Green foods
80%
- Nutrient dense foods, low fat, sugar sodium
E.g. extra lean ground meat and whole grain bread
49
ontario school food and beverage policy - Yellow foods
20%
- slightly higher fat, sugar, sodium
E.g. white bagels and cheese
50
ontario school food and beverage policy - red foods
0%
- low nutrients, high fat, sugar and sodium
E.g. candy, energy drinks, fried foods
51
ontario school food and beverage policy - how many "EVENT" days are permitted per year where food is allowed to sold?
10
52
ontario school food and beverage policy - how many minutes of daily physical activity is required?
20 minutes
53
How many grams of sugar must milk-based products contain in order not to be sold?
more than 28 grams
54
How much more sugar is in chocolate milk vs. white milk?
2x
55
Does Canada have a national breakfast program?
No
56
What is the mission of food/breakfast programs?
Initiate, facilitate and support quality, sustainable student nutrition programs
57
What is the Canadian Children's Food and Beverage Advertising Initiative?
Voluntary, industry driven program
| - not advertising food or beverage products in elementary schools
58
Ontario health curriculum includes
healthy eating, injury prevention, substance use and development and sexual health subsections
59
Nutrition based lessons - Gr. 1
Food groups, hunger
60
Nutrition based lessons - Gr.2
food choices, food guide
61
Nutrition based lessons - Gr.3
nutrition value, local and cultural food, environmental impact
62
Nutrition based lessons - Gr.4
nutrients, healthy eating
63
Nutrition based lessons - Gr.5
food labels, media effect on choices
64
Nutrition based lessons - Gr.6
benefits of healthy food
65
Nutrition based lessons - Gr.7
health issues from food choices
66
Nutrition based lessons - Gr.8
macro/micronutrient functions
67
Anaphylaxis
allergic shock or generalized allergic reaction
68
Symptoms of anaphylaxis
itching, swelling (lips, mouth, face, throat)
69
Anaphylaxis consequences
microscopic contamination with allergen can be deadly due to asphyxiation
70
What is the only course of action taken in schools to prevent anaphylaxis?
Avoidance
| - controversial as it limits rights of other students
71
Parental responsibility - anaphylaxis
- clear protocol established with school
- help with development of policies
- keep medication up to date
- provide clear protocol for treatment
- teach child to take responsibility
72
School policies - anaphylaxis
- identify student to school authority
- identify student to staff
- in-services for teaches and staff on school policies and use of epi-pen
- auto-injection training in first aid course for all staff
- share info and ask for cooperation with other children, parents and association
- maintain open communication
73
Preventing anaphylaxis
- provide allergen free areas
- establish safe lunch room etiquette, hand washing, no food sharing
- take special precautions during special activities, field trips
- plan non-food oriented activities
