Toddlerhood - Physical Development

Question 1

Body growth

Answer 1

children lose baby fit during toddlerhood and become lean/longer:
head was 1/4 of neonate’s length is 1/5 of 2 yr old and the body grows faster than head

Question 2

kwashiorkor

Answer 2

protein deficiency that leads to a range of symptoms like lethargy, irritability and thinning hair and body swells with water

Question 3

Synaptic density

Answer 3

Brain development in toddlerhood starts with an increase in synaptic connections among neurons, multiplying in frontal lobes

Question 4

Gross Motor development

Answer 4

11 month (9-17 months): children begin to walk without support
15 months: stand briefly on one leg + climb up stairs (not down)
18 months: running with stiff wide-stance posture and will fall a lot
24 months: kicking a ball + throwing small object + running becomes flexible/fluid; can start to go down stairs; squat, stand on tiptoes, jump up/down

Question 5

Toddle

Answer 5

the way when children first start to walk, they wobble in unsteady wide-stance steps

Question 6

Milestones of gross motor dev

Answer 6

9-16: stand alone
9-17: walk w/o support
11-19: stand on 1 leg
11-21: climb onto chairs, beds, upstairs
13-17: walk backward
14-22: run
17-30: jump in place
16-20: walk on tiptoes
22-36: walk up/down stairs

Question 7

Fine Motor dev

Answer 7

12 months: can hold object while preforming action and show right/left hand preference for self-feeding; over next 6 months they experiment w/ how they grip spoons; learn to hold cup, scribble with crayon/pencil, build block tower of 3/4 blocks, turn book pages;
2-3rd yr: advances in the skills learned previous year

Question 8

Milestones of fine motor dev

Answer 8

7-15: hold writing instrument
8-16: coordinate action w/both hands
10-19: build 2 block tower
10-21: scribble vigorously
12-18: feed self w/spoon
15-23: build 3-4 block tower
20-28: draw straight line on paper
24-32: brush teeth
26-34: build 8-10 block tower
29-37: copy circle