Toddlerhood - Cognitive Development

Question 1

Mental reps

Answer 1

18-24 months: According to Piaget: once sensorimotor stage tasks are completed, toddlers can think about the range of possibilities + select the option to achieve desired outcome; basis of cognitive abilities like language.

Question 2

Deferred imitation

Answer 2

18 months: ability to repeat earlier observed actions; part of pretend play when toddlers observe actions of other children/adults

Question 3

Categorization

Answer 3

categories become basis for language - nouns/verbs represent a category
2 yr old: toddlers go beyond appearance of objects to categorize based on functions/qualities

Question 4

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

Answer 4

Cognitive development is both social and cultural process

Question 5

Zone of proximal development

Answer 5

distance b/w skills/tasks that children can accomplish alone and those they can perform with an adult/more competent peer
Preform best if the instruction is within zone of proximal dev - need assistance first but gradually become capable of doing it independently

Question 6

Private speech

Answer 6

speak to themselves in a self-guiding/self-directing way

Question 7

Scaffolding

Answer 7

Degree of assistance provided to children in the zone of proximal development

Question 8

Vygotsky vs Piaget