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Nutrition Through Lifecycle > Toddler And Preschooler Nutrition > Flashcards

Toddler And Preschooler Nutrition Flashcards

0
Q

On average toddlers gain 8oz a month and ____lb a year

A

4.4

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1
Q

When an infant reaches toddler age (1yr) her weight is ______ from birth

A

Tripled

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2
Q

Stature means

A

standing height

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3
Q

The RDA for iron for children 4-8 is

A

10mg a day

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4
Q

In general children ages 1-5 tend to consume more than enough of most nutrient in their diets except

A

Calcium and zinc

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5
Q

What is a toddler

A

Kids between 1-3

Characterized by rapid increase in gross and fine motor skills

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6
Q

Preschool age children

A 
3-5
Characterized by increasing autonomy
Broad social circumstances 
Increasing language skulls 
Expanding ability to control behaviour
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7
Q

During toddler and preschool years adequate nutrition is important for cognitive development and

A

Exploring development

Growth and development

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8
Q

How many US kids live in poverty

A

20%

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9
Q

How many US children have no health insurance

A

7.5 million

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10
Q

How many children live in single parent families

A

34%

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11
Q

From birth to a year what happens to an infants birthweight

A

Triples

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12
Q

Toddlers gain ____ kg a year and ____ in length

A

2.7 kg

12cm

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13
Q

Preschoolers gain ____ and ____cm per year

A

2kg

7cm per year

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14
Q

What is recumbent length

A

Horizontal

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15
Q

Things about CDC growth charts

A

Gender specific
Age specific - birth to 36, 2 - 20
Monitors: weight for age, length for age, head circumference for age, weight for length, BMI for age

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16
Q

_______published growth standards for children from birth to 5 yrs

A

World Health organization

International growth standard regardless of ethnicity or SES

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17
Q

When should weaning from bottle begin

A

9-10 month

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18
Q

When should baby be completely weaned from bottle

A

12-14 months

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19
Q

When will baby develop a refined pincer grip

A

12 months

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20
Q

When will baby be able to use tongue to clean lips and develop rotary chewing

A

18-24

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21
Q

Do preschoolers still need adult supervision when eating

A

Yes
They can use fork spoon and cup
Spills occur less frequent
Food should be cut into small pieces

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22
Q

Different kids have different temperaments, easy, difficult, slow to warm up and intermediate low to high. What percent of kids are each

A

40% easy
15%slow to warm up
10%difficult
35 intermediate low to high

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23
Q

Easy temperament

A

Adapts to regular schedules and accepts new foods

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24
Q

Difficult temperament

A

Slow to adapt and may be negative to new foods

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25
Q

Slow to warm up

A

Slow adaptability

Negative toward new foods but can adjust

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26
Q

Restriction of palatable foods like sweet and salty(NRG dense) to kids will

A

Increase preference for foods

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27
Q

What is the role of caretaker in the feeding relationship

A

What children are to eat
The environment which food is served
When and where foods are offered

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28
Q

What are the child’s responsibilities in the feeding relationship

A

How much they eat

Whether they eat a particular meal or a snack

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29
Q

Parents should focus on the long term goal of developing healthy eating habits rather than composition an quantity of food eaten or fears they will gain too much weight

A

T

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30
Q

Parents should attempt to control eating habits through contingencies “no desert until you finish broccoli”

A

F

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31
Q

Parents should not restrict junk too much

A

T may make these foods seem more desirable to child

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32
Q

Child should be forced to eat certain things that Re healthy

A

False

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33
Q

Children age 1-3 should have how much protein

A

1.1 kg/d or 13g a day or 5-20%

Lower because of kidney development

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34
Q

How much protein should a kid 4-8 consume

A

0.95 g/kg/day

19 g a day

35
Q

Most preschool age and toddler children have inadequate calcium zinc and iron levels, but everything else is ok. What are the RDAs for these minerals for kids 4-8

A

Iron - 10
Zinc - 5
Calcium - 1000
All mg/d

36
Q

The American academy of pediatrics (AAP) recommends supplementing for the following groups of children

A

From deprived families

Anorexia, poor appetite, poor diet, FTT, only consume a few foods, vegetarians without dairy products

37
Q

How many servings of vegetables for boys and girls
2-3
4-8
9-13

A

4
5
6

38
Q

How many servings of grains for boys and girls
2-3
4-8
9-13

A

3
4
6

39
Q

How many servings of milk and alternatives for boys and girls
2-3
4-8
9-13

A

2
2
3-4

40
Q

How many servings of meat and alternatives for boys and girls
2-3
4-8
9-13

A

1
1
1-2

41
Q

What should parents consult for optimal nutrition for their kids

A

CFG
Kids should eat according to appetite and choose from 4 food groups
Limit access to sweets
Make appropriate foods available when it is needed

42
Q

What serving of milk should preschoolers drink

A

2 cups

Their main dietary source of vit D

43
Q

How many feedings should preschoolers have

A

Small regular frequent nutritious feedings

Small stomach high energy needs

44
Q

How much physical activity should kids engage in each day

A

60 mins

45
Q

What’s a lacto ovo vegetarian

A

Person who eats vegetables, eggs, and dairy products but not meat
If well planned this will meet nutrient needs of kids

46
Q

What may vegan kids be low in and need supplements for

A

b12 , vD, Ca2+

47
Q

For kids 2-5 are their NRG needs met?

A

Yes or exceeded

48
Q

What do kids 2-5 have consistently low mean intakes of

A

Folic Acid
Vit D
Vit E

49
Q

What percent of calories do kids 2-5 consume from fat

A

31% for boys

32% for girls

50
Q

The recommended sodium intake for preschool (2-5) kids is 2300mg
What are they actually consuming

A

2283-2331

Just a bit over

51
Q

Vegan and macrobiotic diet children tend to have lower growth rates but remain within normal ranges

A

T

52
Q

When child is a vegetarian what are some ways to improve diet

A

Several meals a day (3 meals and 2 snacks)
Avoid excessive bulky food (bran)
Include NRG dense food like cheese / avacado
Include fat- omega 3 fatty acids
Sources of vitamin B12, vitD, and Calcium should be included or supplemented

53
Q

Estimated 23 mill preschool age kids attend child care in US. The downside is

A

Not all countries have nutrition standards for care

54
Q

When should preschool children be offered food

A

Not less than 2hrs

No more than 3 hours

55
Q

What is a food intolerance

A

Reactions does not involve the immune system (no antibody production)
Caused by chemicals, enzyme deficient (lactose intolerance) digestive disorders

56
Q

What is a good allergy

A

food hypersensitivity reactions - immune response
Involves antibodies
Caused by whole food proteins
Or other large molecules entering the body- leading to immune response
Eggs, peanuts, milk

57
Q

What are 75% of food allergies caused by

A

Eggs , peanuts , milk

Sometimes food allergies are outgrown after childhood

58
Q

% of children who have food allergies

A

2 -8

59
Q

Other common allergies Other than eggs milk and pro

A

Soy shellfish walnuts wheat

60
Q

Iron deficiency anemia is a prevalent problem with toddlers what can happen as a result

A

Days jn cognitive development
Behavioural disturbances
Diagnosed by hematocrit or hemoglobin concentration

61
Q

How to prevent iron deficiency anemia in preschoolers/toddlers

A

Limit milk consumption to 24oz a day since milk is poor source of iron

62
Q

How often should infants at risk be tested for iron deficiency

A

9-12 months
Then 18 months
Then annually ages 2-5

63
Q

Intervention for iron deficiency

A

Iron supplements
Counselling w parents
Repeat screening

64
Q

Prevalence of dental caries in children 3-5

A

1 in 3

65
Q

Causes of dental carries in kids 3-5

A

Bedtime bottle w/ juice or milk
Streptococcus mutants
Feed off sticky carbohydrate food

66
Q

What are the 4 food safety practises

A

Clean
Separate (don’t cross contaminate)
Cook
Chill

67
Q

What does it mean for a kid 2-5 to be obese

A

The BMI for age is above 95% or at 95

68
Q

When is BMI lowest

A

Ages 4-6

69
Q

What is adiposity rebound

A

BMI

Normal increase in BMI that occurs after BMI declines (4-6) –> after

70
Q

How many children 2-5 are obese

A

12.1%

71
Q

Can calcium rich diets prevent obesity in kids

A

Yes

72
Q

What are the acceptable fat intake ranges of kids 2-3

A

30-35

73
Q

Acceptable fat intake for kid 4-18

A

25-35%

74
Q

For kids at high risk of CVD limit saturated dat to ____ and cholesterol to

A

<200 mg

75
Q

What are conditions associated with toddlers and preschoolers

A

FTT
Diarrhea /Celiac
Muscle coordination / cerebral palsy
Pulmonary problems

76
Q

What is FTT

A

Inadequate wt or hight decline

With more than 2 growth percentiles

77
Q

What can FTT result from

A

Digestive problems
Asthma or breathin proba
Neurological conditions
Pediatric AIDS

78
Q

What is toddler diarrhea typically caused by

A

Sorbitol content of fruit juices

79
Q

What does celiac disease result in

Caused by

A

Results in diarrhea
Caused by sensitivity to protein gluten found in wheat / other grains
It is an allergy

80
Q

What is cerebral palsy

A

Group of disorders characterized by impaired muscle activity + coordination present at birth or developed during early childhood

81
Q

How does cerebral palsy affect nutrition .

A

Reduced dietary intake from child easily becoming tired while eating

82
Q

How can we help a child with cerebral palsy get adequate nutrition

A

Change meal pattern for small frequen meals to prevent tiredness
Food recommended easy to chew and soft

83
Q

Examples of pulmonary breathing problems brochopulmonary dysplasia and asthma : how can this affect toddler and preschool nutrition

A

Increase nutrient need
Lower interest in eatin -> slow growth
Small frequent meals that are NRG dense

84
Q

Are preterm babies at risk for breathing problems

A

Yes

Nutrition Through Lifecycle (3 decks)

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