today justinain Flashcards
what is a gladiator
a person who fought people and animals for public entertainment
What is satire?
writing that pokes fun at human weaknesses
What is an ode?
poem that expresses strong emotions about life
What is a term meaning “a curved ceiling”?
vault
What is anatomy?
the study of the body’s structure
What are reforms? (Not specific ones.)
political changes to bring about improvement
What is a mosaic?
patterns or pictures made from small pieces of colored glass or stone
Who are saints?
Christian holy people
What are some main differences between Roman men and women?
Men were the head of the household, women raised the children, women rarely worked outside of the home, men could be full citizens and women technically could not
What did Romans believe when it comes to religion?
they had multiple gods and goddesses similar to the Greek gods
What is the difference between Greek and Roman statues?
Greek- perfect and showed no flaws Roman- showed imperfections
Who were gladiators originally?
enslaved people forced to fight
What event did gladiators originate at?
funeral ceremonies
Who were gladiators during the height of the Roman Empire?
volunteers who wanted to become famous
What is another name for the Roman Colosseum and why?
Flavian Amphitheater
Who was the emperor when the Colosseum first opened?
Titus
Who was the emperor who participated sometimes in gladiator fights?
Commodus
What are aqueducts?
concrete structures created by the Romans that carried water into cities
What is Latin and when did it stop being commonly spoken?
language of Ancient Rome and scholars——–> 1700s
What is an importance of Roman Numerals and is there anything that still uses them today?
essential for communication and trade during the Roman Empire——-> Super Bowl numbers
What happened to the Roman army and government after Pax Romana?
the army got stronger and the gov’t got weaker
What is a main reason for so many emperors being on the throne during the decline?
legions would fight to place their generals on the throne because they were not loyal to the government
What were some major troubles of the Roman Empire during its decline?
financial trouble, inflation, army was not loyal, Empire was too big to manage, invaders started attacking
Who was Diocletian and what did he do?
emperor of Rome who tried to enforce new reforms as a way to save the empire
Who was Constantine and what did he do?
emperor of Rome who moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium—> Constantinople
What was the capital of the Western Empire?
rome
What was the capital of the Eastern Empire?
Constantinople
Who were the Huns and who was the most famous of them?
Barbarian invaders from the north of Rome who attacked multiple groups of people and dominated most of the battles they fought—–> Attila the Hun
Who were the Ostrogoths and what did they do?
invaders from the modern Ukraine area and they took over Rome
Who were the Vandals and where were they from?
invaders from the modern Poland area who also took over Rome at one time
Who was Odacer?
a Germanic barbarian who overthrew the emperor and became the first King of Italy
Who was Romulus Augustus of Rome and what is significant about him?
Who was Romulus Augustus of Rome and what is significant about him?
What is the date of the official “Fall of Rome”?
476 A.D.
Why was Constantinople referred to as the “New Rome”?
it was modeled after Rome and Costantine had plans to make it a better and stronger Rome after the original one started to decline
What were some reasons why the location of Constantinople was so important?
location on a peninsula heavily protected it and it was in a perfect crossroads between trade with Europe and Asia
Who heavily influenced the Byzantine Empire at first?
Rome
Who heavily influenced the Byzantine Empire later on?
Greek
What was the main language of the Byzantine Empire?
Greek
Who is the most notable emperor of the Byzantine Empire?
Justinian
How did his life start out?
he was born to peasant parents
Who was a major influence in his life?
his uncle Justin
How did he end up becoming emperor?
he was appointed co-emperor to Justinian and then Justinian died shortly after
Who was the wife of this specific emperor?
Therodora
What is a major accomplishment of hers?
first person to push for women’s rights and make change
What was the main religion of the Byzantine Empire?
Christianity
What were some reasons for the split from the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church?
Roman Catholic Church said that the Pope was the head of the church and the Eastern Orthodox Church said that God was. etc…
What was the Hagia Sophia?
Christian Church built during the reign of Justinian, later turned into a mosque by the Ottoman Empire
Byzantine painting from this period would have a strong influence on the later painters of the?
Italian Renaissance
What was the Justinian Code?
set of laws created by emperor Justinian
What was the goal of Justinian in military conquests?
restore Rome to its former glory
What was a major strength of Justinian’s army?
use of cavalry
What parts of the old Roman Empire did they conquer?
Italy, parts of Spain, and northern Africa
What halted all of the progress that Justinian had made for the glory of the Empire?
Justinian’s plague
What was the cause of this event and what is it similar to? (Not Covid)
fleas from rats—> The Black Death of medieval Europe
What happened as a result of the death of Justinian for the Byzantine Empire?
all of his progress for the Byzantine Empire was halted to a complete stop and he even lost most of his conquered areas after his death
