Tobacco/Vaping Flashcards
What are some systems affected by cigarette smoking?
Skin, teeth, respiratory system, CV system, immune system, and repro system
can also lead to cancer and diabetes. yikes .
What are some “benefits” of vaping?
Less expensive, taste better, no stink of cigarette smoke, looks improve (whiter teeth, better skin and hair), sense of smell/taste improve, increase social interactions, less damage to lungs, supposedly helps you stop smoking but then you’re vaping literally way more often than you smoke so idk feels kinda pointless
What is found in an e-cig?
an aerosol w nicotine, flavoring, and other additives
Is vaping addictive?
YES. people are dumbasses, it has nicotine in it
Why are adolescents more vulnerable to addiction?
Their prefrontal cortex isn’t developed, so aren’t as skilled at differentiating btwn conflicting thoughts, recognizing good v bad outcome, anticipating consequences and outcomes, and motivation to work towards a defined goal
How does nicotine affect the prefrontal cortex?
Neuroplasticity is impaired!! brain can’t change continously throughout life
leads to alterations in gene expression, cell structure, intracellular signaling, synaptic pruning, and axon myelination
What did studies show happens long term to adolescents using nicotine?
impaired accuracy and impulse control - decreased prefrontal memory and attention. more susceptible to substance abuse and mental health problems
What seems to be responsible for the recent outbreak of lung illness linked to vaping?
Vitamin E oil
What is mediated by the CB1 receptor?
analgesia, appetite enhancement, muscle relaxation, and hormonal actions
Which receptors does dronabinol act on?
CB1 and CB2 receptors - less efficacy at CB2
What psychological effects does dronabinol elicit and how long do they last?
4-6 hours. Affective, sensory, somatic, and cognitive
What are the indications for dronabinol?
anorexia in AIDs pt, chemo induced N/V
off label: moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea .
Nabilone use
THC capsule for chemo N/V
What are the adverse affects of cannabinoid medications?
affects judgement and coordination Sedation Bloodshot eyes Depression Dizziness Tachycardia Hypotension Hallucinations Dry mouth
What chronic pain conditions is cannabis useful for?
Neuropathic pain - RA, fibromyalgia, cancer pain
What are some benefits of cannabinoids?
Sleep quality, tourette’s syndrome, parkinson’s disease (unclear), and alzheimers disease (unclear)
What are some conditions where cannabis is NOT effective?
Acute pain Tremor is MS Huntington's Gluacoma Schizophrenia Depression Slowing cancer growth
What are CIs to cannabis use?
history of psychosis
Current/past substance abuse disorder
CV or resp disease
What are some situations to be cautious about?
Age <25
Active mood disorders
Risk factors for CV disease
Ongoing use of high doses of alcohol or benzodiazepines
What form of cannabidiol (CBD) has the highest bioavailability?
aerosolized inhaled CBD
Where does CBD metabolism take place?
the liver by CYP3A4 and CYP2C19 mainly
What are some adverse CBD reactions in humans?
increased drowsiness, decreased appetite, anemia, infections.
What are some things NOT seen in CBD use that are seen w use of some other drugs?
no psychoactive effects, no potential for abuse, no tolerance or withdrawal reported, no effect on embryonic development (little research)
When is CBD useful?
Rare childhood epilepsies (Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome) in people 2 years or older! cut seizures per day in half.
