Behavioral Therapies Flashcards
Classical conditioning is…
Learning the association of things that take place together in time
How is classical conditioning performed?
A neutral, unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is repeatedly paired with a stimulus that produces a response (unconditioned response - UCR)
The neutral stimulus will eventually evoke the UCR, becoming the conditioned stimulus and conditioned response
How does extinction take place after classical conditioning?
Expose the subject to the CR WITHOUT the CS many, many, many times until they eventually unlearn the condition
What is generalization?
When other stimuli or situation similar to the CS become another CS for the CR
How does behavior therapy in response to phobias take place?
The feared stimulus is paired with relaxation techniques to help diminish fear
What are the steps of systematic desensitization?
- Make a list of a hierarchy of fears
- select a feared object or situation that is low on the list and use a relaxation technique until anxiety/fear is greatly reduced
- repeat this, going higher and higher up the list
What is the goal of systemic desensitization?
Want the patient to be able to function normally - if a pt has a fear of needles they will need to get to the point where a needle can be in their arm. if a pt is afraid of goldfish in their mouth, they can hold goldfish but no need to put n mouth
Operant conditioning is…
Learning the association of things that take place sequentially
Reinforcement
Results in increased behavior
Punishment
Results in decreased behavior
Positive
something is added
Negative
Something is taken away
Positive reinforcement
Application of a good consequence when behavior is performed
Behavior is increased and something is added
Positive punishment
Application of aversive consequence when behavior is performed
Something is added and behavior is decreased
Negative reinforcement
Removal of aversive stimuli when behavior is performed
Behaviors increase and something is taken away
Negative punishment
Removal of good consequences when the behavior is performed
Behaviors decrease and something is taken away
What is the big difference between classical conditioning and reinforcements/punishments?
Two stimuli occur together in classic conditioning
Reinforcements and punishments occur after the behavior
Why isn’t punishment effective? (7 things.. idk if this is HY or nah)
- punished behavior might be temporarily suppressed instead of eliminated
- Punishing in one situation might increase in another situation where it isn’t punished
- response-punishment contingency may not be recognized
- Punishment can condition negative emotional responses, causes avoidance behaviors
- Can lead to aggression
- Doesn’t illustrate proper behavior
- Severe punishment that can cause physical or psych harm
