Tobacco

Question 1

Health effects

Answer 1

Damage every part of body

Only legal product in market that when used as intended —> kills 1 in 2

Heart Disease, Lung cancer, COPD

Question 2

Second hand smoke

Answer 2

No safe level of exposure

Over 250 harmful chemicals , at least 69 carcinogens

Most vulnerable: young, pre-existing chronic conditions

Respiratory disease, CVD, Lung cancer, Sudden infant death syndrome, Respiratory infection, Asthma attack

Question 3

Sociodemographics

Answer 3

Low/middle income countries

Lower income and education level

Racial/ethnic minorities

Men

Question 4

Mental Health Disorders

Answer 4

Schizophrenia

Bipolar disorder

Depression and anxiety

Substance use disorders

Question 5

Supply chain

Answer 5

Low or middle income countries

Child labour

Nicotine poisoning —> leech out of leaves into skin into bloodstream

Question 6

Alternative Nicotine products

Answer 6

Heat not burn

Nicotine pouches

Vaping

Question 7

Targeting youth

Answer 7

Replacement smokers —> replace dying/older smokers or given up

Self image enhancement for insecure teenage boys —> strong, masculine

Question 8

Advertising

Answer 8

Movie/TV placements

Paid women to smoke during marches

Event sponsorships

Social media —> vapefluencers
- make photos look natural
- cover health warning on packs

Question 9

Flavours

Answer 9

Nicotine pouches

Heat not burn

Capsule cigarettes

Mini cigars

E-cigarettes

Question 10

Targeting SG youths

Answer 10

15 yrs old

Menthol and light cigarettes

Question 11

Undermining scientific evidence

Answer 11

Create own science that smoking is safer

Make other studies suggesting lung cancer caused by anything else other than smoking

• lung cancer caused by air pollution and genetics
• smoking is birthright
• ppl smoke out of choice not addiction
• vaping is totally safe

1 in 4 vaping related scientific articles industry funded —> 60 times more likely to support

Question 12

Lobbying and corruption

Answer 12

Funding research —> help gain political power, overturn regulations

Via front grps and 3rd parties

Philanthropy —> PR effect to gain favourable image

Avoid regulation and make more money

Question 13

Multi dimensional problem

Answer 13

Smoking initiation

Nicotine addiction

Health inequality —> smoking rates higher among certain grps

Norms and perceptions

2nd hand smoke

Supply chain —> how protect workers from effect of tobacco harvest

Question 14

Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)

Answer 14

6: raise tobacco taxes —> of total price, 75% shd be taxes

8: smoke free areas —> protect from 2nd hand ; denormalise

9 and 10: restrict nicotine level, flavours and other additives

11: (Visual) Warning labels —> more disgusting ; address literacy problems

12: educate ppl

13: Ban tobacco advertising, promotions, sponsorships

14: Help ppl quit —> behavioural counselling, nicotine replacement therapy

15: Eliminate illicit tobacco trade

16: Restrict youth access