To Study Violence Flashcards

1
Q

Aggravated Assault (1) Act, Section, Elements

A

Aggravated Assault - Section 192(1) CA1961

Assaults any person

With intent to:

(a) Commit or facilitate the commission of any imprisonable offense; or
(b) Avoid detection of himself or any other person in the commission of any imprisonable offense; or
(c) Avoid arrest or facilitate the flight of himself or any other person upon the commission or attempted commission of any imprisonable offense.

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2
Q

Aggravated Assault (2) Act, Section, Elements

A

Aggravated Assault Section 192(2) CA1961

  • Assaults
  • Any Constable or
  • Any person acting in the aid of any Constable, or
  • any person in the lawful execution of any process
  • With intent to obstruct the person so assaulted in the execution of his duty.
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3
Q

Elements of Assault

A
  • Intentionally applying or attempting to apply force to the person of another, directly or indirectly, or
  • Threatening by any act or gesture to apply force to the person of another, in circumstances where the victim believes the offender will be able to carry out the threat.
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4
Q

Peneha v Police

A

It is sufficient that the defendants’ act’s forcibly interfere with the personal freedom of the victim.

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5
Q

R v Wells

A

there is no requirement that the harm be inflicted on the victim of the robbery, it can include any other person present.

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6
Q

R v Mitchell

A

There may be occasions where property is handed over to a theif as a result of threats previously made that are still operating on the mind of the victim.

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7
Q

Assault with Intent to Rob - Name, Act, Section

A

Assault with Intent to Rob - 236 CA1961

  • With intent to
  • Rob
  • Any person
    (a) Causes grievous bodily harm to that person or any other person; or
    (b) being armed wt any offensive weapon or instrument, or anything appearing to be such a weapon or instrument, assaults that person or any other person; or
    (c) being together with any other person or persons, assaults that person or any other person.
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8
Q

Abduction of a Young Person Under 16 (1)

A

Section 210(1) CA 1961

  • With intent to deprive a parent or guardian or other person having the lawful care or charge of a young person, of the possession of a young person
  • Unlawfully
  • Takes or entices or detains
  • The young person
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9
Q

Abduction (Receives) of a young person under 16 - Act, section, elements

A

Abduction 210(2)

Receives

A young person

Knowing that he or she has been unlawfully taken away or enticed away or detained

with intent to deprive a parent or guardian or other person having the lawful care or charge or possession of him or her of the possession of him or her.

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10
Q

R v M

A

The crown must prove that the accused intended to take away or detain the complainant and that he or she knew that the complainant was not consenting.

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11
Q

Discharging Firearm with Intent Section 198(1)(a) CA 1961

A

Section 198(1)(a) CA 1961

  • With intent to do GBH
  • Discharges any Firearm, Airgun or other similar weapon
  • At any person
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12
Q

Doing Dangerous Act with Intent Section 198(1)(b) CA 1961

A

Section 198(1)(b) CA 1961

  • With intent to do GBH
  • Sends any person or, delivers to any person or, puts in any place.
  • Any explosive or injurious substance
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13
Q

Using any firearm against law enforcement officer, etc - Section 198A(1) CA 1961

A
Section 198A(1) CA 1961
- Uses any firearm in any manner whatever
  • Against any, Constable, Traffic officer, prison officer
  • Acting in the course of his or her duty
  • Knowing that, or being reckless weather or not that the person is a constable, traffic officer, prison offer so acting.
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14
Q

Using any firearm against law enforcement officer, etc - Section 198A(2) CA 1961

A
Section 198A(2) CA 1961
- Uses any firearm in any manner whatever
  • With intent to resist the lawful arrest or detention of himself, herself or any other person
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15
Q

R v Pekepo

A

A reckless discharge of a firearm in the general direction of a passer-by who happens to be hit is not sufficient proof. An intent to shoot that person must be established.

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16
Q

Police v Parker

A

“Use in any manner whatever”, is to contemplate a situation short of actually firing the weapon and includes presenting the rifle too.

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17
Q

Simester and Brookbanks - knowing

A

Knowing means, “knowing or correctly believing” The defendant may believe something wrongly but cannot “know” something is false.

18
Q

R v Kelt

A

“Having” a firearm requires a very close physical link and degree of immediate control over the weapon.

19
Q

R v Fisher

A

In regard to section 198(A)(1) it is necessary for the crown to prove that the accused knew someone was attempting to arrest or detain them.

20
Q

R v Swain

A

To deliberately remove a sawn-off shotgun from a bag after being confronted by Police amounts to use of that firearm.

21
Q

Define Pistol

A

Any firearm designed or adapted to fire with one hand and includes any firearm less than 762cm in length.

22
Q

Military-style semi-automatic (MSSA) definition

A

A semi-automatic firearm with one or more of the following features:

  • Folding or telescopic butt
  • Bayonet lugs
  • A Flash suppressor
  • Capable of holding more than 12 .22 rimfire cartridges
  • Capable of holding more than 7 cartridges (or 10 if detachable)
23
Q

Blackmail Act, section, elements

A

Blackmail Section 237 CA 1961

  • Threatens, expressly OR by implication
  • to make any accusation against any person (whether living or dead)

OR

  • to disclose something about any person (whether living or dead)

OR

  • to cause serious damage to property

OR

  • endanger the safety of any person
  • with intent to:
    (a) cause the person to whom the threat is made to act in accordance with the will of the person making the threat; and
    (b) to obtain any benefit OR to cause loss to any other person.
24
Q

Define threatens

A

to state one’s intention to take hostile action against another

25
Q

Define Accusation

A

An allegation that a person is guilty of criminal offending.

26
Q

Define Disclosure

A

The revelation of information which would cause serious embarrassment or emotional distress.

27
Q

Define Obtains

A

To retain for himself or any other person

28
Q

Define Benefit re black mail

A

Any benefit, pecuniary advantage, privilege, property, service, or valuable consideration.

29
Q

Define Pecuniary Advantage

A

Financial gain, enhancement of a person’s financial position.

30
Q

Define Privilege

A

A special right or advantage, need not be a financial one.

31
Q

Define Valuable consideration

A

Money or money’s worth

32
Q

Statutory defense to Blackmail?

Statutory defense to Blackmail?

A

Section 237(2) CA1971 - The person making the threat must believe they were entitled to obtain the benefit or cause the loss and;

believe it was a proper and reasonable means of effecting their purpose.

33
Q

What are the five phases of a Blackmail investigation?

A
  • Initial report phase
  • Mobilisation phase
  • Consolidation phase
  • Investigation and operation phase - (negotiation, payment, pseudo payment, intervention / arrest)
  • Reactive phase
34
Q

Demanding with intent to Steal, etc (1) - Act, Section, Elements

A

Demanding with intent to Steal, etc - Section 239(1) CA1961

  • Without claim of right
  • By force OR with any threat
  • Compels
  • Any person
  • To execute OR make OR accept OR endorse OR alter OR destroy any document capable of conferring a pecuniary advantage
  • With intent to
  • Obtain any benefit
35
Q

Demanding with intent to Steal, etc (2), (Menaces) - Act, Section, Elements

A
  • With Menaces or by any threat
  • Demands any property
  • From any person
  • With intent to steal it
36
Q

Difference between Smuggling Migrants and Trafficking in persons

A

Smuggling migrants involves a perosn hwo has freely consented to be brought to New Zealand as an illegal immigrant and is not subject to coercion or deception.

Trafficking persons involves a person who is brought to New Zealand by means of coercion and / or deception for the purpose of forced labor, organs, sexual exploitation.

37
Q

Smuggling Migrants (1) - Section, Act, Elements

A

Smuggling Migrants Section 98C(1) CA1961

  • Arranges for an unauthorised migrant to enter New Zealand OR any other state if he or she
  • does so for a material benefit; and
  • either knows that the person is, or is reckless as to whether the person is, an unauthorised migrant.
38
Q

Smuggling Migrants (2) - Section, Act, Elements

A

Smuggling Migrants Section 98C(2) CA1961

  • Arranges for an unauthorised migrant to be brought to New Zealand or any other state, if he or she
  • Does so for a material benefit; and
  • either knows that the person is, or is reckless as to whether the person is an unauthoriesed migrant and either;
  • knows that the person intends to try to enter the state OR is reckless as to whether the person intends to try enter the state.
39
Q

What is the penalty for people trafficking and smuggling?

A

Term of imprisonment not exceeding 20 years or

A fine not exceeding $500,000.00

or Both

40
Q

Trafficking in Persons (1)(a) - Section, Act, Elements

A

Trafficking in Persons Section 98D(1)(a) CA1961

  • Arrangers OR organises OR procures
  • The entry of a person into OR the exit of a person out of New Zealand OR any other State
  • For the purpose of exploiting or facilitating the exploitation of the person; or
  • Knowing that the entry or exit of the person involves 1 or more acts of deception of the person, or both
41
Q

Trafficking in Persons (1)(b) - Section, Act, Elements

A

Trafficking in Persons Section 98D(1)(b CA1961

  • Arranges OR organises OR procures
  • the reception OR recruitment OR transport OR transfer OR concealment OR harboring of a person in New Zealand Or any other State
  • For the purpose of extorting OR facilitating the exploitation of the person; OR
  • Knowing that the reception, recruitment, transport, transfer, concealment or harboring of the person involves 1 or more acts of coercion against the person OR 1 or more acts of deception of the person OR both.