To memorise

Question 1

What do radiant flux and luminous flux describe?

Answer 1

Amount of light emitted from a source

Question 2

Units for radiant flux and luminous flux

Answer 2

Radiant flux: Watts

Luminous flux: Lumens

Question 3

What is the peak photopic sensitivity of the eye?

Answer 3

555nm

Luminous efficiency of the eye is maximal at this wavelength - 1 watt = 685 lumens

Question 4

What do radiant intensity and luminous intensity describe?

Answer 4

Intensity of light emitted from a source (amount of light per solid angle of space)

Question 5

Units for radiant intensity and luminous intensity

Answer 5

Radiant intensity: watts per steradian

Luminous intensity: lumens per steradian = candelas

Question 6

What do irradiance and illuminance describe?

Answer 6

Amount of light falling on a surface

Question 7

Units for irradiance and illuminance

Answer 7

Irradiance: watts per sq metre
Illuminance: lumens per sq metre = lux

Question 8

What is 1 steradian?

Answer 8

Unit for solid angle (cone shape)

Angle at the centre of a sphere which subtends an area on its surface that measures the square of its radius

Question 9

What is one candela and how is a lumen derived from this?

Answer 9

One candela
= 1/60 of intensity radiated by a black body radiator at freezing point of platinum per sq cm
= 1 lumen per steradian

Question 10

What do radiance and luminance describe?

Answer 10

Intensity of light reflected from a surface

Question 11

Units for radiance and luminance

Answer 11

Radiance: watts/steradian per sq metre
Luminance:
- Candelas per sq metre
- Apostilbs (= 1/pi candelas / sq metre)

Question 12

What is a troland?

Answer 12

Retina specific measure of illumination.

1 troland = retinal illumination when a surface luminance of 1 candela / sq metre is viewed through an entrance pupil which measures 1 mm2 after correction for Stiles-Crawford effect

Question 13

Direct gonioscopy principle

Answer 13

Direct gonio contact lens has higher critical angle than cornea-air interface, allowing rays from the angle to exit via the goniolens –> real erect image
Space between cornea and lens is filled with viscous fluid

Question 14

Direct goniolenses

Answer 14

Koeppe
Barkan
Swan-Jacob

Question 15

Indirect gonioscopy principle

Answer 15

Indirect goniolens uses a mirror or prism to reflect rays from the angle
Inverted virtual image formed

Question 16

Indirect goniolenses

Answer 16

Goldmann 3-mirror
Zeiss
Posner
Sussman

Question 17

p-ANCA: what does it stand for?

Answer 17

Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.

Stains myeloperoxidase

Question 18

c-ANCA: what does it stand for?

Answer 18

Cytoplasmic ANCA

Stains proteinase 3

Question 19

What is angular magnification?

Answer 19

D/4, where D is the power of the lens used

Question 20

Iris / ciliary body development: what gestational age?

Answer 20

Week 12

Hox gene marks precursors

Question 21

Lens development gestational age

Answer 21

27 days

Question 22

Trabecular meshwork / aqueous humour formation gestational age

Answer 22

Week 20

Question 23

When dods the hyalpid artery regress?

Answer 23

34 weeks

Question 24

PAX6 chromosome

Answer 24

11

Question 25

Rb chromosome

Answer 25

13

Question 26

Suxamethonium MoA

Answer 26

Depolarising NMJ blockade

Question 27

What is one apostilb?

Answer 27

Measure of luminance. | 1 lumen / m2 or 1/pi candelas / m2

Question 28

Holding a lens of unknown power over a cross on a page - with and against movement

Answer 28

Minus lens: cross moves with direction of movement | Plus lens: cross moves against direction of movement

Question 29

What does the cavity of the optic vesicle become?

Answer 29

The subretinal space

Question 30

When does the lens vesicle separate from the surface ectoderm?

Answer 30

33 days