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FRCOphth Part 1 Revision > Microbiology > Flashcards

Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

Which contact lens type poses the highest and lowest risk for microbial keratitis?
- Extended wear, soft, daily disposable, rigid gas permeable

A

In order from highest to lowest:

Extended wear, soft, daily disposable, rigid gas permeable

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2
Q

Thioglycollate broth

A

Anaerobic bacteria

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3
Q

Giemsa stain

A

Fungi

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4
Q

Acanthamoeba

A

Nutrient free media with E coli

Calcofluor white - fluoresces

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5
Q

Lowenstein Jensen media

A

TB

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6
Q

Methanamine silver (Grocott)

A

Fungi

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7
Q

Which 3 bacteria must be grown on chocolate agar?

A

Neisseria, Haemophilus, Moraxella

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8
Q

Saboraud’s agar

A

Fungi

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9
Q

What is the most common causative organism for bacterial keratitis?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Contact lens wearers at risk - grows on biofilms on contact lenses

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10
Q

What is the treatment for onchocerciasis?

A

Ivermectin

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11
Q

Treatment for acanthamoeba?

A

Topical biguanide e.g. propamidine / chlorhexidine

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12
Q

What is the major complication of CMV retinitis?

A

Retinal detachment (50%)

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13
Q

Treatment for ocular syphillis?

A

2 weeks IV penicillin G

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14
Q

What is the tetrad for congenital toxoplasmosis?

A

4 ‘C’s:

  • Chorioretinitis
  • Microcephaly
  • Intracranial calcifications
  • Cognitive impairment
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15
Q

Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis - which is more common for adults and children?

A

Children- bacterial more common

Adults - viral much more common (80%)

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16
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis - most common pathogens for children and adults

A

Children - HiB, Strep pneumo, Moraxella catarrhalis

Adults - Staph aureus, strep pneumo, HiB

17
Q

Viral and allergic conjunctivitis - macroscopic appearance?

A

Viral: follicular (T-cell response)
Allergic: papillary (collections of inflammatory matter)

18
Q

Which organisms can penetrate an intact corneal epithelium?

A 
CHNLS
Corynebacterium
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria
Listeria
Shigella
19
Q

Which TLR recognises mannan and LPS?

A

TLR-4

20
Q

What is the role of IL-8?

A

Potent neutrophil chemoattractant

21
Q

What does NOD2 recognise?

A

Peptidoglycan

22
Q

Most common cause of post-operative endophthalmitis?

A

Staphylococcus epidermidis (coagulase-negative staph)

23
Q

Why is IVT amikacin rather than gentamicin used for endophthalmitis?

A

Gentamicin causes macular necrosis when injected intravitreally

24
Q

Treatment of endophthalmitis

A

IVT vancomycin + amikacin / ceftazidime

Recall: ceftazidime is the only cephalosporin with anti-Pseudomonal activity

25
Q

What anti-TB drug causes Vitamin B6 deficiency?

A

Isoniazid

26
Q

Which glycoprotein is used by HSV to enter cells?

A

Glycoprotein D
Receptors: Nectin, Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM)

(HSV has 4 glycoproteins used in cell entry)

27
Q

Which virus causes Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

HHV-8

28
Q

What genome type does adenovirus have

A

dsDNA

29
Q

Ganciclovir and aciclovir - which one for CMV and HSV?

A

Aciclovir for HSV

Ganciclovir for CMV (CMV is resistant to aciclovir)

30
Q

What is the latent host cell type for:

  • HSV
  • VSV
  • EBV
A
  • HSV, VSV: neural ganglia
  • EBV: B cells (hence post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease is due to proliferation of infected B cells when T cell suppression is removed)
31
Q

BK and JC viruses are what type of viruses?

A

Polyomaviruses (dsDNA)

32
Q

HIV: CD4 counts of below what level place a patient at risk for:

1) TB
2) Toxoplasma
3) CMV retinitis

A

1) 500 cells/ mm3
2) 200 cells/ mm3
3) 50 cells / mm3

CMV retinitis only occurs in profoundly CD4-depleted AIDS patients

33
Q

Is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis characterised by mild or florid vitritis?

A

Mild vitritis - subacute!

34
Q

What virus is associated with Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis?

A

Rubella

Fuchs –> German –> German measles

35
Q

Treatment of herpes zoster ophthalmicus

A

Oral aciclovir - 500mg 5 x/ day

Does not reduce incidence of post-herpetic neuralgia

36
Q

Staph aureus vs Strep pneumo keratitis: which one is worse?

A

Strep pneumoniae is worse!

Staph aureus keratitis causes peripheral ulcers and is actually relatively mild compared to pneumococcus and Pseudomonas

FRCOphth Part 1 Revision (13 decks)

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