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What are the divisions of the nervous system? • • • What are neuroglia? • What is the structure of a neuron? • What is the myelin sheath? Saltatory conduction? Schwann cell? Node of Ranvier? • Explain the resting and action potential as they relate to a nerve impulse. • How does the nerve impulse traverse the synapse? • What are the 4 parts of the brain and their functions? • What structures protect the CNS? • What are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system? • Describe the actions of some drugs of abuse
What are the functions of the nervous system?
What are the three types of neurons?
What are neuroglia? •
What is the structure of a neuron? •
What is the myelin sheath?
Saltatory conduction?
Schwann cell? Node of Ranvier? •
Explain the resting and action potential as they relate to a nerve impulse. •
How does the nerve impulse traverse the synapse? •
What are the 4 parts of the brain and their functions? •
What structures protect the CNS? •
What are the 2 parts of the peripheral nervous system? •
Describe the actions of some drugs of abuse
Short Answer/Process Questions for Nervous System
Short Answer or Process Questions for Sensory System
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Intersystem
Anatomy of an Eye
Anatomy of the eye • 2 compartments 1. Anterior compartment: between the cornea and lens; filled with a clear fluid called aqueous humor – this liquid is continuously produced each day and drains through small ducts 2. Posterior compartment: most of the eye, behind the lens; contains a gelatinous material called vitreous humor that holds the retina in place and supports the lens – this liquid you are born with and remains; no more is produced
Made of 3 layers/coats 1. Sclera: mostly white and fibrous except the cornea 2. Choroid: darkly-pigmented vascular layer 3. Retina: inner layer containing photoreceptors
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- Layers of the eye: Sclera • Sclera – the white of the eye that maintains eye shape – Cornea: transparent portion of the sclera that is important in refracting light – Pupil: a hole that allows light into the eyeball
- Layers of the eye: Choroid • Choroid – middle layer that absorbs light rays not absorbed by the retina – Iris: donut-shaped, colored structure that regulates the size of the pupil – Ciliary body: structure behind the iris that contains a muscle that controls the shape of the lens • Lens – attached to the ciliary body; refracts and focuses light rays
The lens is a flexible, transparent, and concave structure. • Visual accommodation occurs when the lens changes shape to focus light on the retina and form an image. • As we age, the lens loses elasticity, and we use glasses to correct for this. 15.4 Sense of Vision The lens a. Focusing on distant object b
- Layers of the eye: Retina • The retina contains photoreceptors called rods and cones. • Rods are sensitive to light. • Cones require bright light and respond to wavelengths of light (color). • The macula lutea is an area of the retina densely packed with cones where images are focused. – The fovea centralis is the center of this area, and is the area of highest visual acuity (sharpness of vision)
- Layers of the eye: Retina • Sensory receptors from the retina form the optic nerve that takes impulses to the brain. • The blind spot is the optic disc, and is where the optic nerve attaches; it lacks photoreceptors, therefore consequently nothing can be visually detected at this location.
Photoreceptors of the retina • Rods – They contain a visual pigment called rhodopsin. – Rods are important for peripheral and night vision (black and white vision). – Vitamin A is important for proper functioning of the rods. • Cones – They are located mostly in the fovea centralis. – Cones allow us to detect fine detail and color. – 3 different kinds of cones containing red, green, and blue pigments.
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