TNR Flashcards
List 4 ligaments found in bitch reproductive system
- Proper ligament : Connecting ovarian bursa to uterine horn
- Broad ligament :
- Extending from ovary to uterine horn to uterine body
- Mesometrium
- Needed to be 扎起來
- Suspensory ligament : Connecting kidney to ovarian bursa, 可以彈鬆/break laterally 以免傷到血管
- Round ligament : cranial end of the uterine horn within a fold of peritoneum laterally from the broad ligament toward the deep inguinal ring
how to find uterine?
- 從urinary bladder 的dorsal side & descending colon的lateral side找到uterine body –> 沿著cranial side找uterine horn and ovary
- 沿著腹壁往側面伸進去,找一個比較有彈性的
如何防止下刀時傷到內臟?
- 將linea alba往上提by thumb forceps
- Horizontally入刀
- 刀面朝上
進去腹腔后會看到什麼組織first? +補充
- 大網膜greater omentum
- 往cranial side塞,不要擋住視線
- 記住做完手術要把它放回去原來的位置
- 皮下的線可以跟表皮一樣
全程只可以提拉著那個地方?
proper ligament
結扎的地方 + number of 手術線needed to be prepared
- Suspensory lig. ovarian a. & v. (left and right) : 4 ligatures in total
- Uterine body (near cervix) : 2 ligatures in total
- Broad lig. (left and right) : 2 ligatures in total
Overall: 8 ligatures! 準備8~10條線
打ovary結的距離
- 先打proximal,再打distal
- Proximal<–0.5cm–>distal<–0.5cm–>切割處<–0.5cm–>ovary
So 第一個結要距離卵巢1.5cm!
How to ligate 表皮?Why
Bury knot內縫法
Prevent 傷口外露,尤其是這些都是流浪動物
Layers of muscle
- fascia
- muscle
- peritoneum (白線linea alba)
剃毛刷洗位置
cranial to xiphoid劍突, caudal to pubis恥骨聯合、左右到體側的中間
draping位置
xiphoid to pubis symphysis
Incision site
Dog 前1/3
Before estrus 中1/3
深胸犬、大子宮(分娩多次的) 中1/3
Cat 中1/3
how to deal with 子宮蓄膿的狗
先用antibiotics清洗殘留的表面,以免發炎
Broad ligament的兩種處理方法
- ligation X 2 on each side
- 直接電燒起來!方向:cranial and caudal
wound closure
- 腹壁的肌肉: simple continuous **要縫到fascia
- Subcutaneous tissue: bury knot
- Cutaneous: bury knots (內縫)
• 用可吸收的monosyn, 也不會貼opsite (防水透氣貼),因為不會回來
• 2&3 can use the same 線
how can assistant help to 增加視野
助手:一邊提拉子宮的proper ligament,一邊壓著abdominal wall
notes after all ligation completed
Ligation 結束後才一次過切掉
檢查出血,可以稍微放入體內去觀察張力較少時是否也出血
都沒有出血 –> loosen mosquito –> 組織滑回去體內
再次檢查出血
將切開的ovary周圍脂肪切開,看是否完整
把大網膜放回原來的位置
Wound closure
檢查出血方法 (for checking ligation properly made or not)
可以稍微放入體內去觀察張力較少時是否也出血
ligatures and type of sutures used in ovary and uterine body
ovary: 白線,兩個encircling ligature環狀結
子宮體:打兩個ligatures (環狀*2 or 1八字+1環狀)
window made before扎起uterine body
Make a window in the broad ligament adjacent to uterine body at each side
window made before扎起卵巢
Make a window in the broad ligament caudal to ovarian pedicle (blood vessels entering and exiting ovary) (outside blood vessel)
切開的位置於止血鉗的關係 for卵巢
先用好兩個止血鉗夾住,再切開在兩個hemostats之間,切的時候不要離線結端太近!以防線結鬆開
Proximal hemostat: mosquito hemostat
- 半夾著、以防切斷後residue馬上縮回去身體里
Distal hemostat: Metzenbaum
- 全夾,將ovary and suspensory ligament法分開來
切開的位置於止血鉗的關係for uterine body
先用好兩個止血鉗夾住,再切開在兩個hemostats之間,切的時候不要離線結端太近!以防線結鬆開
Proximal hemostat: mosquito hemostat
- 半夾著、以防切斷後residue馬上縮回去身體里
Distal hemostat: hemostat
- 全夾,防止切下后暴血&子宮內的感染病原流到腹腔,造成腹膜炎
另外還要用一隻hemostat或是thrumb forceps夾住子宮本體,避免切開后馬上滑進去abdominal cavity裡面
where to ligate the broad ligament?
from the two windows made before
X2