雅珍 Flashcards

1
Q
A
  1. stripe sign
    1. 正常狀況,食道呈現soft tissue opacity,看不出氣管跟食道交界的管壁,若食道有氣體就襯得出氣管壁,此sign是用來判斷食道是否有問題
    2. 異常:氣體卡住air inside the esophagus、巨食道esophageal dilation

Stripe sign的重點在於:原本沒有的線變明顯

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2
Q
A
  1. stripe sign
    1. 正常狀況,食道呈現soft tissue opacity,看不出氣管跟食道交界的管壁,若食道有氣體就襯得出氣管壁,此sign是用來判斷食道是否有問題
    2. 異常:氣體卡住air inside the esophagus、巨食道esophageal dilation

Stripe sign的重點在於:原本沒有的線變明顯

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3
Q

carina

A

支氣管分叉點

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4
Q
A

Interstitial lung pattern

structured

mass

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5
Q
A

Interstitial lung pattern

structured

mass

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6
Q
A

nodular interstitial lung pattern

(at least 2-3mm to be visible in X-ray)

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7
Q
A

Non-structured interstital lung pattern

奇怪的線

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8
Q
A

border effacement in alveolar lung pattern

Border obliteration sign

(或稱作Silhouette sign)

因為肺葉沒有氣體,呈現soft tissue opacity,導致心臟的邊緣不清楚

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9
Q
A

alveolar lung pattern

兩個肺葉,一個沒有氣體,一個正常,因此出現區隔的界線,稱作lobar sign

  1. Lobar sign是指鄰近radiolucency區的白線
  2. 白線代表沒有氣體的肺葉邊緣(被exudate、水腫或是出血填充)
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10
Q
A

Air bronchogram

因為肺泡沒有氣體,只能看到黑色樹枝狀的小支氣管

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11
Q

Alveolar lung pattern

3patterns

A

Air bronchogram Border effacement Lobar sign

(1) 正常情況,肺泡充滿氣體呈現黑色,若有水、血、炎症細胞進入或collapse塌陷 (atelectasis),就會沒有氣體,變成soft tissue opacity (alveolar consolidation)
(2) 受影響區域見不到肺血管
(3) May arise from interstitial pattern

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12
Q
A

alveolar lung pattern

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13
Q

肺血管不能比_________粗

A

第九或第十根rib

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14
Q

In lateral view

心臟12:00方向:___

12: 00~3:00:___
3: 00~6:00:___
6: 00~9:00:___
9: 00~12:00:___

In VD view

12: 00:___
1: 00-2:00:___

A

lateral view

Carina在心臟12:00方向

12: 00~3:00:左心房
3: 00~6:00:左心室
6: 00~9:00:右心室
9: 00~12:00:右心房

VD view

12:00:aorta
1:00~2:00:pulmonary artery
影像哪裡凸就是哪裡有病變

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15
Q

VHS measurement

A

從Carina往心尖(apex)拉一條線(藍線),再拉另一條與他垂直最長的線(紅線),最後將兩條線從T4往後拉,計算有幾根vertebrae,兩個數字加起來就是VHS

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16
Q

VHS for nomal dogs and cats

A

正常狗記:10.5

(貓較小:8.5)

17
Q
A

Pneumopericardium心包囊積氣

18
Q
A

PPHD

橫膈發育異常,未關閉完全,使得腹腔臟器疝入心包囊內(可能是肝、網膜、腸子等),間接壓迫肺臟引起呼吸困難,會因缺氧或血循受阻而死亡。

19
Q

位置、大小of kidneys

A

狗的右腎在T12-L1,找到右腎後隔一點點就可以找到左腎L1-L3。貓腎在L1-L4

以DV/VD視角拍攝的片子為準,找到L2後以L2長度為標準,與腎臟比較。狗腎約2.5~3.5個L2長,貓則約2.1-3.2個L2,但絕育後的貓狗大小會稍微變化,通常以2.5~3為基準。正常兩邊尺寸差不多,差異太大就是異常

20
Q
A

enlarged kidney

21
Q
A

enlarged kidney

22
Q
A

顯影劑從輸尿管漏出來進入腹腔

23
Q
A

顯影劑從輸尿管漏出來進入腹腔

24
Q

kidney in ultrasound

A

Medullary rim sign (考試應該會考)
會看到一圈較明顯的影像,可能代表腎小管輕微鈣化,老貓或急性腎病會出現。但這不是非常specific的影像,要和其他狀況合併診斷

25
Q

kidney in ultrasound

A

Medullary rim sign (考試應該會考)
會看到一圈較明顯的影像,可能代表腎小管輕微鈣化,老貓或急性腎病會出現。但這不是非常specific的影像,要和其他狀況合併診斷

26
Q
A

(1) Acoustic shadow:結石、骨骼等高密度構造反彈大部分音波後,後面的組織因為到達的音波很少,導致成像很不清楚、很暗的現象。當在腎盂看到高亮+Acoustic shadow才會認為有結石產生

27
Q
A
  1. Enhancement:cyst等含大量液體的構造不回音,使音波大量傳入後方組織,造成後方高亮的現象。